Information technology and transitions in the public service: A comparison of scandinavia and the united states

New information technologies have the potential for transforming the ways governments are organized, the activities they perform, how they perform them, and the nature of work itself. Governments in the U.S. and Scandinavia have followed fundamentally different approaches to the introduction of computing and to dealing with its effects. These differences in approach to automation have influenced each country's view of the role of government in anticipating and dealing with the effects of changes in computer technology on the public service workforce.     

制度变迁与基础教育公平

改革中的基础教育资源的不均衡配置使得弱势群体子女在获得基础教育方面处于劣势地位.为了维护基础教育的公正,地方政府应当关注住房制度改革与基础教育制度之间的交互作用,在城市规划、保障性住房建设过程中均衡基础教育资源配置,通过政策和市场手段维护基础教育的公平与效率.     

The Impact of Subnational Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth: A Dynamic Analysis Approach

Much previous research has analyzed the effect of state and local taxes and expenditures on economic growth, but usually in a static manner. In this paper, we use panel vector autoregression (PVAR) to examine the effects of taxes and expenditures on state income growth. This methodology allows us to treat all variables in the model as endogenously determined. Our approach allows us to address the endogeneity problem inherent in fiscal policy research as well as to obtain results for both the short term and intermediate term (up to six years). Consistent with prevailing wisdom, taxes are shown to have a negative effect on economic growth, but the effect only is present in the short run. Public capital spending has a positive effect on growth in both the short and intermediate terms. Operational expenditures exhibit positive effects on growth over the entire analysis period.