Characterizing the Source of Fugitive Middle Distillate Fuels—A Case Study Involving Railroad Diesel Fuel,Mandan, North Dakota

Middle distillate fuels are used in civilian and military jet engines, on-road (truck and bus) and off-road diesel (diesel-electric locomotives, heavy equipment, and farm machinery) engines, marine diesel engines, nonaviation gas turbines, and domestic and commercial furnaces. As such, these fuels are common environmental contaminants that may arise from multiple sources. The considerable liability associated with these fugitive fuels requires that their source(s) be defensibly determined. In this paper we describe the “chemical fingerprinting” features of middle distillate fuels that can be used in assessments of their source(s) in the environment. A case study in which railroad (off-road) diesel fuel #2 could be distinguished from nonrailroad fuels (e.g., on-road diesel fuel #2, fuel oil #2, and/or fuel oil #1) in Mandan, North Dakota, is presented.     

A new age of social movements: A fifth generation of non-governmental development organizations in the making?

This paper addresses two themes. Firstly, it presents the historical evolution of Northern Non-governmental Development Organizations, proposing an enlarged and transformed definition based on Korten's Generations. Secondly, it makes several recommendations for how to develop a hypothetical Fifth Generation of NGO-Northern and Southern alike whose activities might contribute to a very broad, diverse, and unpredictable social movement for structural change on both the political and social levels.     

Assessing a moral panic relating to crime and drugs policy in the Netherlands: Towards a testable theory

Using criteria from recent work by Goode and Ben Yehuda, this article tests the hypothesis that a moral panic relating to (youth) crime has been going on in the Netherlands since 1990. Most of the criteria are met. There is concern about the problem of crime and a consensus on solutions. There are also indications that public disquiet grew out of proportion compared to trends in crime and victimization, and that the panic erupted fairly suddenly. It is not possible to identify a clearer scapegoat than a diffuse image of “the” criminal. It is unclear what caused this panic. It seems unlikely that the panic started as a reaction to public problems, but nor is it possible to state that elites started it or that it was caused by bureaucratic processes at an intermediate level. Several methodological problems connected with the testing of the criteria are discussed. It is recommended that one criterion be added: that of misdirection of reactions to a social problem. It is also recommended that future research should be comparative, either comparing several minor local panics, or comparing panics or non-panics related to equivalent social problems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cross-border crime in Belgium

Conclusion In summary we can state that judicial assistance stands to lose further ground with respect to police cooperation. The Schengen Agreement authorized and legitimized the autonomy of the police which they themselves had already assumed in the legal assistance process. At national level the situation is worsened by the insufficient statutory regulation of the investigation prior to prosecution and by the absence of a well functioning judicial control thereof. Above all the research indicated that not all magistrates/prosecutors showed the same amount of interest in direct involvement in the international legal civil system, a disturbing conclusion in the light of the increasing internationalization of crime phenomena (De Ruyver, 1992).The manner in which the judicial assistance functions fails to deal with geographically determined and limited types of group crime, as in the study area. Crime organized in a businesslike manner and at the same time requiring greater expertise and cooperation with respect to the investigation prior to prosecution, remains a fortiori beyond concern.     

前置治安审批制度改革后行业场所治安管理的基本思路研析

行政(治安)审批制度的改革给传统公共场所的治安管理模式带来了巨大冲击。要依法履行管理职责,就必须结合现代警务运作机制的改革,更新管理理念,探索市场经济条件下新的管理模式,逐步构建以“告知、检查、处罚”为核心的专业治安管理机制,并通过整合社会行政管理资源,探索行业场所治安管理的社会化方向。     

18世纪末-19世纪中叶吧城华人与当地民族的关系——以吧城华人公馆《公案簿》档案为中心的个案分析

在荷印殖民统治时期的吧城,华人始终是构成当地各种族居民中的一个重要组成部分.本文利用正在整理并陆续出版的吧城华人公馆<公案簿>档案的记载,并结合相关的历史文献资料,对18世纪末至19世纪中叶吧城华人与当地民族的关系进行具体案例的分析,从中了解荷印殖民统治时期吧城华人与当地民族关系的真实状况.     

Do no harm: Technology, ethics and responsibility

The focus of this article is on issues related to personal and collective responsibility in an increasingly complex technological society. A context for discussing questions that relate to the use of technical means and the long-term secondary and tertiary benefits, impacts and consequences is established with respect to ethics and responsibility. It is proposed that there is a basic ethic for professionals in policy making roles in various fields of endeavor such as technology transfer. It is also proposed that there is a larger context within which this ethic must be grounded. The larger context concerns the question of what it means to be truly human. Many thoughtful citizens of the world, including Vaclav Havel, President of Czechoslovakia, and George Ellis, South African Cosmologist, have addressed this question, often when involved in extremely difficult circumstances. They propose that the answer can be found through a search for meaning in the universe and by freeing ourselves from self-centeredness.