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Kimberly L. Henry Peter J. Lovegrove Michael F. Steger Peter Y. Chen Konstantin P. Cigularov Rocco G. Tomazic 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(2):221-232
Adolescent bullying is a common problem in schools across America. The consequences of bullying are significant, and can include severe psychological trauma and suicide. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link bullying and suicidal ideation is needed in order to develop effective prevention and intervention initiatives. Meaning in life is a potential mechanism that has not been studied in this context. It was hypothesized that meaning in life could serve as both a mediator and a moderator of the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation. As a mediator, meaning in life is considered to explain why bullying victimization leads to suicidal ideation. As a moderator, meaning in life is considered to buffer the ill effect of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation. Data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 2,936 (50 % female), 6th–12th grade students from one urban school district in the Northeastern US were used to examine the hypotheses. The model for girls was consistent with mediation (i.e., meaning in life may explain how victimization leads to suicidal ideation). The model for boys was consistent with moderation (i.e., the ill effect of victimization on suicidal ideation was attenuated as meaning in life increased). Implications for prevention are discussed. 相似文献
235.
Over the past 5 years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of early warning systems for dropout prevention.
These warning systems use a set of indicators based on official school records to identify youth at risk for dropout and then
appropriately target intervention. The current study builds on this work by assessing the extent to which a school disengagement
warning index predicts not only dropout but also other problem behaviors during middle adolescence, late adolescence, and
early adulthood. Data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (N = 911, 73% male, 68% African American, and 17% Latino)
were used to examine the effects of a school disengagement warning index based on official 8th and 9th grade school records
on subsequent dropout, as well as serious delinquency, official offending, and problem substance use during middle adolescence,
late adolescence, and early adulthood. Results indicate that the school disengagement warning index is robustly related to
dropout as well as serious problem behaviors across the three developmental stages, even after controlling for important potential
confounders. High school dropout mediates the effect of the warning index on serious problem behaviors in early adulthood. 相似文献
236.
Susan?M.?McHaleEmail author Ji?Yeon?Kim Marni?Kan Kimberly?A.?Updegraff 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(6):666-679
A burgeoning body of research documents links between sleep and adjustment in adolescence, but little is known about the role
of the social ecology in promoting healthful sleeping habits. This study was aimed at identifying the socio-cultural correlates
of adolescents’ sleep, including average nighttime sleep duration, average daytime napping, and night-to-night variability
in sleep duration and assessing the links between these dimensions of sleep and adjustment in Mexican-American youth. Participants
were 469 Mexican-American adolescents (50.5% female) and their mothers and fathers. Data on family socio-cultural characteristics
and youth adjustment were collected in home interviews with youth, mothers, and fathers, and, during 7 evening telephone interviews,
adolescents reported on nighttime sleep and daytime napping for the prior 24-h period. Night-to night variability and napping
were more strongly linked to youth depressive symptoms and risky behavior than was average nighttime sleep, whereas nighttime
sleep predicted lower body mass index. Lower parental acculturation and fathers’ familism values predicted more healthful
sleep, and higher levels of family income, parental education and neighborhood crime predicted less healthful sleep. In addition
to illuminating the significance of socio-cultural influences on youths’ sleep, this study contributes to the literature by
documenting the multidimensionality of sleep patterns and their links with adjustment in an understudied population. 相似文献
237.
Annabella M. Gallagher Kimberly A. Updegraff Jenny Padilla Susan M. McHale 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2018,47(10):2100-2113
Sibling relational aggression is an important but understudied dimension of sibling relationships that has potential implications for adolescents’ adjustment. This study examined the longitudinal associations between being the target of sibling relational aggression and adolescent adjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms, risky behavior, self-worth, and romantic competence) among younger and older siblings over a three-year period in adolescence. The moderating roles of birth order, sibling gender, and sibling dyad gender constellation also were tested. Participants were 196 European American adolescent (firstborn-secondborn) sibling pairs who were 16.47 years (SD?=?0.80) and 13.88 years (SD?=?1.15) of age, respectively, at the onset of this study. Data were collected separately from each sibling during home interviews. Multilevel models revealed that being the target of sibling relational aggression was associated with all four adjustment outcomes at the between-person level, and with risky behavior and romantic competence at the within-person level. However, some of these effects were moderated by sibling dyad characteristics. Although often overlooked in the literature on adolescence, sibling relationship dynamics play a key role in youth development and adjustment. 相似文献
238.
Eva Oberle Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl Kimberly C. Thomson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(11):1330-1342
Past studies have investigated relationships between peer acceptance and peer-rated social behaviors. However, relatively
little is known about the manner in which indices of well-being such as optimism and positive affect may predict peer acceptance
above and beyond peer ratings of antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Early adolescence—roughly between the ages of 9 and 14—is
a time in the life span in which individuals undergo a myriad of changes at many different levels, such as changes due to
cognitive development, pubertal development, and social role redefinitions. The present study investigated the relationship
of self-reported affective empathy, optimism, anxiety (trait measures), and positive affect (state measure) to peer-reported
peer acceptance in 99 (43% girls) 4th and 5th grade early adolescents. Because our preliminary analyses revealed gender-specific
patterns, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predictors of peer acceptance separately for
boys and for girls. Girls’ acceptance of peers was significantly predicted by higher levels of empathy and optimism, and lower
positive affect. For boys, higher positive affect, lower empathy, and lower anxiety significantly predicted peer acceptance.
The results emphasize the importance of including indices of social and emotional well-being in addition to peer-ratings in
understanding peer acceptance in early adolescence, and urge for more research on gender-specific peer acceptance. 相似文献
239.
International Trust and Public Opinion About World Affairs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paul R. Brewer Kimberly Gross Sean Aday Lars Willnat 《American journal of political science》2004,48(1):93-109
This study argues that citizens base their opinions about world affairs in part on generalized beliefs about how much their nation can trust other nations. Using original data from a two-wave panel survey and a cross-sectional survey, we show that Americans hold stable, internally consistent, and largely pessimistic generalized beliefs about whether the United States can trust other nations. We find that social trust, political trust, partisanship, and age influence this form of trust, which we call international trust. We then demonstrate that international trust shapes whether Americans prefer internationalism to isolationism, perceive specific foreign nations as unfriendly and threatening, and favor military action against Iraq. The role of international trust in shaping opinion may be consistent with theories of low-information rationality, but competing interpretations are also plausible. 相似文献
240.