金融危机对俄能源业和矿业的影响及俄罗斯的对策

近几个月以来金融危机正在全球蔓延,俄罗斯能源业和矿业面临严峻考验;能源和矿产品价格暴跌、停止新项目建设、延迟执行收购要约、放缓海外上市步伐.俄罗斯经济增长速度也明显放缓.在这种情况下,俄罗斯开始调整能源业和矿业政策,以应对全球金融危机的挑战.     

民主矛盾论——中国特色社会主义民主制度与发展路线的哲学基础

在汗牛充栋的西方民主理论中,有一种所谓的"民主进化论"十分流行。这种理论一方面将民主政治与各种经济、社会与文化发展现象联系起来分析,貌似迎合了唯物辩证法的逻辑要求。但另一方面却又完全忽略了民主作为政治上层建筑本质中存在的矛盾属性,把民主政治的发展看成一段平缓、漫长、和睦的"政体进化史",彻底违背了唯物辩证法最根本的矛盾法则,直接导致了诸多对民主本质的错误认识。"民主终结历史论"、"现代化理论"、"民主文化论"、"公民社会民主论"是四种最为典型的"民主进化论",通过对其的理论批判与经验考察,可以看出,民主本质内部普遍存在的矛盾属性是无法忽视的,民主本质的特殊矛盾是不同阶级、阶层或集团之间多方面的利益矛盾,其中又以经济利益为主要矛盾。构成民主内容的是不同阶级、阶层或集团之间利益矛盾的解决机制与制度安排。由此,也进一步证明了"共产党领导的多党合作制度"、"以扩大党内民主带动人民民主"等中国特色社会主义民主制度与发展路线在理论逻辑上的合理性和现实经验中的可行性。     

Plus ça change: Electoral law reform and the 2008 Romanian parliamentary elections

Romania reformed the law governing its parliamentary elections between 2004 and 2008, shifting from a complex proportional representation system based on county-level party lists to a complex uninominal system in which each district for the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate elects one representative. The change in law emerged after more than a year of heated political controversies, including partisan and personal animosity between President Basescu and Prime Minister Tariceanu, a failed attempt at impeachment, a deadlocked special electoral commission, a failed popular referendum, an unfavorable constitutional court ruling, and a confusing final accord brokered under deadline. Qualitative comparison of the 2004 and 2008 laws reveals that the heralded reform merely added an additional layer of calculation to the previous electoral system. Quantitative analysis using counterfactual estimation reveals that the new law had absolutely zero effect on the partisan outcome. In the conclusion, we explore the implications of these findings for Romanian politics and the politics of electoral reform more generally.     

乌鲁木齐“7·5”事件以来对新疆问题的回顾与反思

新疆问题正在慢慢地成为中国政府面临的最大的问题之一,阿富汗战争结束后美军进入中亚,西方敌对势力的直接或者间接插手中国新疆分裂独立问题,这一问题的严峻性日益凸显。新疆幅员辽阔,战略地位重要,资源丰富,国内外诸多因素决定了中国的和平发展之路注定不会平坦,继乌鲁木齐"7.5"事件后,未来一段时期要严防多股反华势力和民族分裂势力联手进行破坏活动。     

羊传染性脓疱病毒SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

针对羊传染性脓疱病毒(ORFV)B2L基因序列设计合成了1对引物,以含有该引物扩增序列的重组质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了检测ORFV核酸的SYBRGreenⅠreal-timePCR方法。结果显示,该方法线性关系良好,标准曲线的相关系数为0.999;检测灵敏度可达9.4×104copies/μL;与绵羊痘病毒(SPV)不发生交叉反应,具有良好的特异性;组内Ct值相同,组间变异系数小于2%。应用建立的方法检测20份疑似羊传染性脓疱病病料,结果17份为阳性,同时用常规PCR进行检测,结果仅10份为阳性。结果表明,建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、定量、重复性好等优点,可初步用于ORFV的检测。     

Reflections on Hofstadter’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">The American Political Tradition</Emphasis>

Richard Hofstadter’s The American Political Tradition (1948) depends for its reputation on the author’s rich historiographical heritage, including the progressive vision of Charles Beard, a somewhat detached and ironic vision of America also shared with his friend, C. Vann Woodward, and the literary and intellectual traditions of his own time, running from Marx to Mencken. Hofstadter by no means spared American icons such as Jefferson, TR, Wilson and FDR; even Lincoln was treated the gloves off rather than on. Hofstadter was often at his best with marginal and dissenting figures such as Wendell Phillips and John C. Calhoun, but he treated the mixing of religion and politics, along with America's celebration of itself with considerable. Finally, though The American Political Tradition still repays study, including close re-reading, it also demands to be historicized and understood in its own context.     

The Balance‐Sample Size Frontier in Matching Methods for Causal Inference

We propose a simplified approach to matching for causal inference that simultaneously optimizes balance (similarity between the treated and control groups) and matched sample size. Existing approaches either fix the matched sample size and maximize balance or fix balance and maximize sample size, leaving analysts to settle for suboptimal solutions or attempt manual optimization by iteratively tweaking their matching method and rechecking balance. To jointly maximize balance and sample size, we introduce the matching frontier, the set of matching solutions with maximum possible balance for each sample size. Rather than iterating, researchers can choose matching solutions from the frontier for analysis in one step. We derive fast algorithms that calculate the matching frontier for several commonly used balance metrics. We demonstrate this approach with analyses of the effect of sex on judging and job training programs that show how the methods we introduce can extract new knowledge from existing data sets.     

Reviews

Certain Fragments: Contemporary Performance and Forced Entertainment By Tim Etchells, 1999. New York: Routledge

Up Your Ass Written by Valerie Solanas, Directed and Presented by George Coates, Performance Works at P.S. 122, New York City, February 7–25th, 2001

Siren Songs: Representations of Gender and Sexuality in Opera Edited by Mary Ann Smart. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

The Garden An installation by Paul McCarthy, Dietch Projects, New York City

39 MICROLECTURES: in proximity of performance by Matthew Goulish, London: Routledge, 2000     

Course and Severity of Maternal Depression: Associations with Family Functioning and Child Adjustment

Number of lifetime episodes, duration of current episode, and severity of maternal depression were investigated in relation to family functioning and child adjustment. Participants were the 151 mother–child pairs in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) child multi-site study. Mothers were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder; children (80 males and 71 females) ranged in age from 7 to 17 years. Measures of child adjustment included psychiatric diagnoses, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and functional impairment. Measures of family functioning included family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, organization, and household control; parenting measures assessed maternal acceptance and psychological control. Children of mothers with longer current depressive episodes were more likely to have internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with this association being moderated by child gender. Mothers with more lifetime depressive episodes were less likely to use appropriate control in their homes.

科学发展观:邓小平社会发展理论的时代创新

科学发展观坚持了唯物史观的基本原理,创新了马克思主义社会发展理论,进一步回答了中国特色社会主义为什么发展、如何发展、为谁发展的问题,是对邓小平的社会主义发展观的继承与发展。可以说,科学发展观就是当代中国关于“发展”的科学理论,是指导我们全面建设和谐社会和现代化建设的理论指南。