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191.
192.
The use of Leventhal's procedural justice rules in moral judgments was examined (1) in the match examples of the Colby and Kohlberg moral judgment interview manual (Study 1), (2) in hypothetical dilemmas given to a sample of 41 participants in professional ethics classes, and (3) in the real-life moral dilemmas produced by this sample (Study 2). Consistent support was found for the hypothesis that bias suppression is used more frequently at the higher moral reasoning stages. A higher number of justice rules were employed in solving a real-life than hypothetical moral problem, and most procedural justice rules were used more frequently in the real-life dilemma. 相似文献
193.
Klaus Von Lampe 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2005,42(4-5):227-259
The debate on organized crime has shifted from the question of “myth or reality?” to efforts to come to an assessment of the nature and extent of organized crime. This paper discusses the possibilities and limits of such an endeavor in the case of Germany. A meaningful assessment requires linking the concept of organized crime to clearly defined empirical referents, having a thorough understanding of their dynamics and interrelations, and obtaining valid and reliable data. It is argued that these requirements cannot be met given the present paucity in theory and data. From the available aggregate data contained in the official crime statistics and annual situation reports on organized crime drawn up by the federal police agency BKA no overall trends are discernible. Where trends are identifiable, they mostly pertain not to patterns of criminal cooperation but to contextual factors. In contrast, the analysis of individual cases may serve to shed some light on the situation of organized crime, provided they are put in perspective with a differentiated conceptualization. A four-fold typology of criminal networks based on differences in the social embeddedness of criminal actors suggests that the seriousness of the problem may depend on the likelihood of the manipulation of relevant decision-making processes. Germany is not characterized by alliances between underworld and upperworld, but the existence of criminal networks within the upperworld gives grounds for concern. 相似文献
194.
Public–private partnerships are a potentially important means of conducting pro-poor agricultural research in many developing
countries. Yet within the international agricultural research sector, there are few examples of successful collaboration that
have contributed to food security, poverty reduction or agricultural development. This study hypothesizes that partnerships
between public research agencies and private, multinational firms are constrained by fundamentally different incentive structures;
prohibitive costs, both direct and indirect; mutually negative perceptions between the sectors; and high levels of competition
and risk associated with valuable assets and resources. Based on a survey of key stakeholders and a review of the literature,
findings suggest that the primary impediments to partnership are perceptions, competition and risk, while issues of costs
and conflicting incentives are secondary. These findings suggest that investment in innovative organizational mechanisms and
supportive public policies could facilitate more, and more successful, public–private partnerships in pro-poor agricultural
research. 相似文献
195.
196.
197.
Klaus H. Goetz 《Public administration》1997,75(4):753-775
Political craft is an essential qualification of senior officials in the German Federal ministerial administration. The emphasis on political craft as a vital complement to administrative-technical competence reflects a policy-making system that is characterized by multi-party government, an assertive Parliament, a strong opposition, influential Lander , and growing informalization. In fostering political craft, three institutions play a key role: (i) the Chancellery; (ii) the political support units to the executive leadership; and (iii) the parliamentary parties in the Bundestag, which employ Federal ministerial officials on temporary leave. The centrality of these institutions in Federal policy-making makes them into outstanding training grounds for future top officials. 相似文献
198.
Klaus Schlichte 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2006,47(4):547-570
The nexus between warfare and statebuilding that historians have stressed for European history, seemingly does not apply for the history of warfare after 1945. Instead, numerous political scientists hint to an ongoing depolitization of contemporary warfare and interpret civil wars as “state failure”. This analysis of war development after 1945 shows along the distinction of five realtypes that neither the thesis of a depoliticisation can be supported by the material presented, nor is the system of states endangered by the outcome of intrastate warfare. The problems of state-building, it seems, might rather be caused by economic decline and an increase of internationalisation. 相似文献
199.
Klaus von Lampe 《Trends in Organized Crime》2017,20(3-4):395-405
200.
Intervening in Value Chains: Lessons from Zambia's Task Force on Acceleration of Cassava Utilisation
Abstract Smallholder farmers operate in vertical supply chains. Therefore, an understanding of key opportunities and constraints up through the value chain becomes necessary for sustaining smallholder growth. Yet market analysis is of little value unless key private and public sector stakeholders agree to implement necessary reforms. This paper advocates an approach which marries together value chain analysis with a stakeholder task force to ensure that analysis of opportunities and constraints gets translated into actions that will facilitate commercial growth. Using Zambia's cassava task force as an example, the paper describes the value chain task force method and identifies elements critical to its effective implementation. 相似文献