Reconsidering Styles of Regulatory Enforcement: Patterns in Danish Agro‐Environmental Inspection

This study addresses enforcement styles of regulatory inspectors, based on an examination of the municipal enforcement of agro‐environmental policies in Denmark. Our findings make three contributions to the regulatory literature. One contribution is to add empirical support for theorizing about inspectors' enforcement styles as consisting of multiple components, rather than a single continuum. We show that inspectors' enforcement styles comprise the degree of formalism and the degree of coercion that they exercise when carrying out inspections. A second contribution is in showing the relationship of different types of enforcement styles to the two underlying dimensions of the concept. A third contribution is an examination of the ways in which inspectors' enforcement styles relate to their enforcement actions. The consistency of our findings with those of other studies suggests that the dimensions and types of inspectors' enforcement styles that we observed in Denmark can be generalized to other settings.     

苏联模式的特征及其与社会主义国家改革的关系

社会主义国家的改革从本质上讲就是弱化乃至改变苏联模式,因此,后者的时空适应性和多层次性特征直接影响了改革的起始、进程和效果.苏联模式的时空适应性决定了苏联、东欧和中国等社会主义国家或早或迟都要进行改革,但改革时间有前后差别.苏联模式的多层次性决定了改革是一个由浅到深的过程,越往深层次发展,改革的难度会越大,甚至改革有夭折的可能.因此,苏联模式的特征是我们认识和评价社会主义国家改革的重要视角.     

MPP programs emerging around the world19

This paper examines public policy and management programs in Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, and makes comparisons with similar programs in the United States. Our study of public policy programs shows that there are many challenges ahead in terms of making good decisions on the form and content of programs that will add value to governments and citizens. Appropriate choices in terms of program design and pedagogy will reflect different economic, social, environmental, and cultural influences and will be shaped by history, values, and the roles of public policy and management professionals within a particular governmental context.     

Consequences of Involvement in Distinct Patterns of Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence

Typological theoretical perspectives suggest that the consequences of involvement in peer and dating violence may depend on the particular pattern of violent behaviors that youth experience and/or engage in. Yet few studies have examined whether distinct patterns of dating and peer violence involvement differentially predict developmental outcomes. Using two waves of data, the current study examined the prospective associations between distinct patterns of peer and dating aggression and victimization, identified using latent class analysis, and a range of potential developmental outcomes in a general population sample of adolescents in the 8th to 10th grades (n?=?3068; 46% female, 58% White, 31% Black, 11% other race/ethnicity). The findings suggest that, compared to youth involved in other patterns of violence, youth involved in peer and dating violence as aggressors and victims are at greatest risk for negative sequelae, although results differed considerably for girls and boys and on the outcome variable and comparison groups being examined.     

看清前方的路——本世纪头十年国际政治格局的新变化及下个十年展望

新世纪头十年里,美西方有“十个没料到”：一没料到昔日所谓冷战的“胜利者”成为今日的“失落者”;二没料到苏东剧变后,却“反常地标志着西方阵营的困境及其在世界领导地位下降的开始”;三没料到俄罗斯会‘‘抵抗西方势力和西方价值观”最后弃西方而去;四没料到新兴大国如此快速进入世界舞台中心;     

我国企业技术创新存在的问题与对策探讨

技术创新是企业竞争力之所在，也是国家经济发展的原动力。因此，世界各国都十分重视企业技术创新能力的培养和提高。那么，我国企业技术创新的发展状况如何 ?应采取哪些对策加快我国企业技术创新的步伐 ?本文拟就此作一些探讨。 　　一、目前我国企业技术创新发展的状况和问题 　　我国企业较大规模地开展技术创新的研究和应用最早始于 20世纪 80年代中期。经过 10多年的实践和探索，各地都涌现出了一批依靠技术创新而成长起来的先进企业，首创了一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的名优产品和技术。像海尔、春兰集团，他们原来都只能生产…     

坚持党的领导 人民当家作主 依法治国的有机统一

“坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国的有机统一”，是我们发展社会主义民主政治必须坚持的根本原则。党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证，人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质要求，依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。三者紧密联系、不可分割的有机统一，反映了我们发展中国特色社会主义民主政治的基本规律。     

Compliance Motivations: Affirmative and Negative Bases

This research addresses affirmative and negative motivations for compliance with social and environmental regulations. Affirmative motivations emanate from good intentions and a sense of obligation to comply. Negative motivations arise from fears of the consequences of being found in violation of regulatory requirements. The relevance of these is examined for data concerning the motivations of homebuilders to comply with requirements of building codes. The findings highlight the importance of affirmative motivations for situations such as homebuilding for which regulation is better characterized as fulfillment of a social contract than solely as compliance with enforced directives.     

简评《（独立评论）与20世纪30年代的政治思潮》

张太原的《〈独立评论〉与20世纪30年代的政治思潮》(社会科学文献出版社2006年12月出版)一书,在对《独立评论》的创办宗旨、《独立评论》的社员、经理人和主要撰稿人进行分析的基础上,借助《独立评论》同人对日本侵华的态度,和对国民党、共产党的有关评论,着重探讨了《独立评论》同人所持的自由主义与民族主义、三民主义、马克思主义的关系.细读之下,感觉此书有以下几个比较明显的特点: