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161.
162.
P J Karhunen H Brummer-Korvenkontio H Laaksonen M L Kantanen P Arstila P Leinikki 《Journal of forensic sciences》1992,37(5):1261-1268
In order to cooperate with voluntary screening programs aimed at the surveillance of the HIV epidemic in Finland, we have studied medicolegal autopsies for HIV antibodies since 1986 using an enzyme immunoassay on postmortem sera. The investigation covered 47.4% and 39.2%, respectively, of all deaths under the age of 65 years in the metropolitan areas of Helsinki and Turku--two cities on the densely populated southern coast of Finland from which most HIV infections have thus far been detected. Nine HIV-positive cases (0.12%) were detected among the 7305 medicolegal autopsies tested in 1986 to 1990. This figure is higher than the prevalence of 0.01 to 0.03% in voluntary screening programs for the general population would suggest. Seven of our cases had previously tested positive, and two were previously unknown cases, indicating that people at high risk are clustered in the medicolegal autopsy series. Of the six cases in an early stage of infection, three committed suicide suggesting the importance of HIV-screening in suicide cases in tracing symptomless HIV carriers. Five of the cases were detected in 1990, a year when the number of new HIV infections had more than doubled compared to the previous two years. This suggests that testing of medicolegal autopsies as surrogate tests for the population gives useful information even in low-prevalence areas like Finland. Such testing has none of the ethical problems of many other back-up surveys, and may be particularly sensitive to early changes in epidemiology. 相似文献
163.
Distinctive blunt force injuries caused by a crescent wrench. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
164.
165.
Carol U. Lindquist Lillian E. Sass Denise Bottomley Suzanne M. Katin Jennifer D. Maddox Rose M. Ordonez Craig N. Teofilo 《Journal of family violence》1997,12(1):75-83
Current research suggests that a husband's substance abuse is correlated with severity of physical abuse and the woman's decision to leave a violent situation. Often, only the battered woman's report of abuse is available. This study compares women's reports of their partners' substance use/abuse with their partners' report using a brief measure of polydrug and alcohol abuse, the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Data were analyzed for 25 recovery couples and 25 nonrecovery couples. The correlations for all 50 couples between the male's reported use and the female's report of her partner's use on the SASSI and the CTS were significant on all but one of the CTS scales. They ranged on SASSI from .73 to .33 and from .31 to .06 on the CTS. This suggests that the SASSI and possibly the CTS could be used as valuable tools for assessing women's reports of their partner's substance use/abuse. 相似文献
166.
The psychological assessment battery is an integral part of the selection process used to select patrol officer applicants.
Unlike all other procedures used in the selection process, the psychological assessment has not been adequately validated.
The purpose of this study was an attempt to provide validation data for a psychological assessment battery. The battery consisted
of the Nelson-Denny, Shipley-Hartford, MMPI, and the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT). Performance measures included various
measures of training academy performance and field training performance. A stepwise regression and MANOVA/Discriminant Analysis
indicated that the psychological tests did predict performance, although an exact predictive equation could not be developed
due to the high intercorrelations between predictor variables.
This research was sponsored in part by a grant from the School of Applied Arts and Technology, Southwest Texas State University. 相似文献
167.
John T. Super Ph.D. Theodore H. Blau Ph.D. Charles B. Wells A.A. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1995,10(4):41-52
The purpose of this investigation was to identify inmate personal and demographic data that may be used to further define
or profile persons with a greater likelihood of being at risk for serving a jail sentence. This study was explorative. The
survey administration was similar in format to that conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice. Chaplains were used as survey
proctors. Pilot studies were conducted to determine the suitability of survey content. Surveys consisted of 172 items. Subjects
included four hundred inmates: males comprised 88.75 percent of the sample, Caucasians 58.25 percent, Blacks 37 percent, Hispanics
3.25 percent and other 1.5 percent of the sample. Respondents ranged in age from 15 to 64 years with an average age of 30.3
years. Less than two percent of the contacted inmates refused participation in the survey. Results are presented for demographic
data, select legal/criminal data, select drug and alcohol use data, employment data, health, parent/family data, education
data, social data, and “other”. 相似文献
168.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
169.
This study uses a structured vignette procedure to assess competency to make treatment decisions in two groups of adolescents, one at risk for institutional placement and the other a matched community sample. Scores on Factual Understanding (the ability to recall facts), Inferential Understanding (the ability to make inferences about those facts), and Reasoning (the ability to weigh risks and benefits of various treatment options and to make choices based on that reasoning) were compared. Results showed that while at-risk adolescents and their community, counterparts did not differ in their factual and inferential understanding abilities, the at-risk adolescents did significantly less well than the community adolescents in reasoning. This difference could not be fully explained by differences in verbal IQ. Girls, no matter what their risk status, scored higher than boys on the Reasoning scale. Implications for legal policies concerning adolescents are discussed. 相似文献
170.
A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed. 相似文献