IMMIGRATION AND CRIME IN AN ERA OF TRANSFORMATION: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDES IN SAN DIEGO NEIGHBORHOODS, 1980–2000*

Emerging research associated with the “immigration revitalization” perspective suggests that immigration has been labeled inaccurately as a cause of crime in contemporary society. In fact, crime seems to be unexpectedly low in many communities that exhibit high levels of the following classic indicators of social disorganization: residential instability, ethnic heterogeneity, and immigration. But virtually all research conducted to date has been cross-sectional in nature and therefore unable to demonstrate how the relationship between immigration and crime might covary over time. This limitation is significant, especially because current versions of social disorganization theory posit a dynamic relationship between structural factors and crime that unfolds over time. The current study addresses this issue by exploring the effects of immigration on neighborhood-level homicide trends in the city of San Diego, California, using a combination of racially/ethnically disaggregated homicide victim data and community structural indicators collected for three decennial census periods. Consistent with the revitalization thesis, results show that the increased size of the foreign-born population reduces lethal violence over time. Specifically, we find that neighborhoods with a larger share of immigrants have fewer total, non-Latino White, and Latino homicide victims. More broadly, our findings suggest that social disorganization in heavily immigrant cities might be largely a function of economic deprivation rather than forms of “neighborhood” or “system” stability.     

The New Public Management Reform and Governance in Asian NICs: A Comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore1

This article compares the New Public Management (NPM) reform in Hong Kong and Singapore. First of all, it highlights how the macroeconomic environment, the political system, and state traditions, factors that are commonly identified as affecting the pattern of NPM reform in western liberal democracies, assume different contexts and significance in affecting reform in Asian states. With these general factors, we further compare the NPM reform of these two Asian newly industrialized countries in the areas of economic, administrative, and social governance, and identify the similarities and differences in the objectives of reform, the levels of reform, and the factors affecting such reform in these two cases.     

Community of Choice or Ghetto of Last Resort: Community Development and the Viability of an African American Community1

The viability of local government‐sponsored community development of poor ethnic enclaves hinges on the perceptions of residents. If residents view the enclave in which they live as their “community of choice,” they will be more likely to join with local government to coproduce community improvement. Residents who see their enclave as their community of choice tend to hold positive perceptions of neighbors and neighborhood and are less fearful of crime. Conversely, those who see the enclave where they live as a “ghetto of last resort” commonly are not meeting their economic expectations, are uneasy about race related issues, and are concerned about the desirability of their neighborhood. Government should not employ a community development strategy to preserve a “ghetto of last resort” where most residents remain because they feel they have few options. The vast majority of the residents examined here view the enclave where they live as their community of choice.     

韩国对中国投资的现状及展望

韩中两国建交14年来在很多领域都取得了举世瞩目的发展和变化。初期,韩国对中国投资侧重于劳动密集型的中小型出口加工项目。进入成熟发展期后,韩国有必要在投资项目规模、投资战略,投资区域、投资结构等方面进行调整。今后中韩的经济交流会有相当大的转变。     

高校教师升等评审管制之司法审查——公法及大学自主性视野论之

我国司法实务对教师职务评审委员会所作之升等与否之决定,仍停留于内部管理行为及非具体行政行为之阶段;唯从我国之教育之立法管制政策、相关法令规定及对大学自主权之规范结构并无意将此评审行为视为特别权力关系之一部分,而拒绝司法审查。行政法学理论与实务之落差,不能不谓之为司法缺位。如果理论与实务之落差可以缩减,而消除行政法可以保护公民、法人或者其它组织合法权益但不可能得到行政诉讼法之全部保护之迷思,则我国迈入最高层之法治国境界不远矣。     

两岸紧急采购制度之比较分析

政府采购法乃是市场经济国家管理政府公共支出的一种基本途径，祖国大陆、我国台湾（以下简称“两岸”）均透过政府采购法规定相关政府采购行为，借以保障采购质量和有效控制预算支出并提升采购效率及效能，营造公平市场经济。近年来由于气候异常全球暖化现象世界各地灾情不断，台湾地区近年发生921大地震、莫拉克风灾、H1N1疫情蔓延等灾害；祖国大陆亦遭遇舟曲泥石流、四川汶川大地震，及各地发生之洪涝、旱灾等，接连考验两岸＇-3局危机应变能力，并彰显出紧急采购之重要性。在遭遇各种灾害紧急状况下，因应紧急采购所需，两岸均有制订相关法律规定。本研究比较两岸之紧急采购制度，并参照相关实务案例，说明台湾采购法实施偏重法治化，但辅以行政部门采购稽核作业，及监察部门的审计稽查，均可对采购作业进行防杜弊端，避免不法情事产生积极作用。祖国大陆在政府采购法规范下，则较偏向因地制宜之弹性方式实施，可因应不同之地方需求，快速反应并确实符合实际灾害抢救需求，惟需注意相关稽核制度之管控。