利用牙齿推断年龄的研究进展

牙齿是人体最坚硬的器官之一,其抗腐蚀能力强,多项形态特征具有增龄性变化,因此利用牙齿推断年龄在法医学中得到广泛应用。由于牙齿的生理性变化的复杂性及环境因素的影响,不同牙齿推断年龄的方法各具其应用价值,同时也存在一定的局限性,法医工作者需要依据具体情况选择适合的方法并加以综合运用,以提高年龄推断的准确性。本文对国内外利用牙齿推断年龄的研究现状进行综述,并对各种推断方法进行比较评价,希望能为相关研究和实践提供参考。     

Employment effects of output and technological progress in Malaysian manufacturing

A major factor contributing to the growth in industrial employment in Malaysia was the implementation of the export‐oriented industrialisation strategy. With the withdrawal of GSP privileges to the USA, the inevitable loss of comparative advantage in labour cost and the emergence of trading blocs, it is feared that the growth of the export‐oriented sectors in manufacturing will be impeded, causing a serious unemployment problem. This fear is compounded by the increasing shift to technology‐intensive methods of production which displace labour. This article shows that domestic demand and export expansion exert positive and almost equal influence on industrial employment. Any negative impact on employment due to a shortfall in exports could be neutralised if an appropriate choice of import‐substituting and export expansion policies is adopted. Displacement of labour due to the substitution effect of using technology‐ and capital‐intensive production is largely compensated for by the increase in labour utilisation due to the output effect of increased production for both the domestic and foreign markets.     

A Retrospective Population-Based Study of Hospitalized Injuries Associated with Intimate Partner Violence in Taiwan from 1997 Through 2009

The study used Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the types of injuries suffered by those patients hospitalized for intimate partner violence and the types of hospital care provided to victims 18 years of age or older from 1997 to 2009. In total, there were 836 cases and 3.57 times more female than male, the average hospital stay length was 9.37 days, and the average hospital costs totaled approximately NT$ 47,563.53. On average, there were approximately 2.86 injuries per abuse victim, and intracranial injuries were the most common injury (28.83 %). Many of the abused patients went to regional hospitals (44.14 %), and the largest percentage of hospitalized patients (50.24 %) was among 25–44-year-olds. In the study period, the hospitalization rate for females was significantly higher than for males; moreover, the overall rate of hospitalization for intimate partner violence increased significantly.     

Genetic polymorphism at three STR loci--CSF1PO, HUMTHO1 and TPOX, and the AMP-FLP locus D1S80 for the Chinese population in Hong Kong

Allele frequencies for three STR loci, namely, CSF1PO, HUMTHO1 and TPOX, and the AMP-FLP locus D1S80 were obtained from a sample of 351 unrelated Chinese in Hong Kong.     

Cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals

A partial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to Taiwan. The conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. The control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattles, domestic pigs and humans. Heteroplasmy was detected in the formosan macaque, domestic pig and domestic cats. The frequencies of heteroplasmy in these animals were about 0.25% (1 in 402bp). Sequences were aligned by Pileup program of GCG computer package, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The results of sequence comparison showed that the percentage range of sequence diversity in the same species was from 0.25 to 2.74%, and that between the different species was from 5.97 to 34.83%. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic distance between the different species was from 6.33 to 40.59. Animals of the same species, both the endangered animal species and domestic animals, were clustered together in the neighbor-joining tree. Three unknown samples of animal remains were identified by this system. The partial sequence of cytochrome b gene adopted in this study proved to be usable for animal identification.     

和谐语境下的女性犯罪问题研究

十六届四中全会以来,我国提出构建社会主义和谐社会。“和谐社会”就是社会的发展符合人类社会发展的客观规律,是全面系统的和谐,其中包括人与人之间、不同性别的人之间关系的和谐,实现社会平等、有序、可持续发展等内容。然而,近些年来我国女性犯罪数量迅速增长,不仅影响着人与人之间关系的和谐,也严重阻碍了和谐社会建设的进程。     

医患关系是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系

医患法律关系性质的界定是正确理解法律、适用法律的基础。我国相关学说虽然多,但仅仅是站在某一个立场,或以某一现象为基础,难免会有失偏颇。理论界的研究尚欠深入,司法实践中也有不少问题。文章从法学的角度论证,医患法律关系的基本性质是民事法律关系,它不属于民事合同关系,而与侵权责任关系有相似,但由于医学科学和医疗行为的特殊性,它应是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系。     

国际因素与尼日利亚的反腐败实践

作为非洲的政治和经济大国,尼日利亚的腐败问题日益受到国际社会的关注。腐败不仅阻碍尼日利亚经济和社会的发展,也对尼日利亚国家和社会的声誉造成损害。预防和惩治腐败是尼日利亚参与的国际公约、国际组织的要求,是债权国减免尼日利亚债务的前提条件,也是透明国际等非政府组织关注的焦点。以奥巴桑乔总统为首的民选政府上台后,通过完善反腐败立法、健全反腐败机关、追讨海外“黑金”和追究腐败者的法律责任等措施,与腐败势力展开了较量。尼日利亚的反腐败行动得到了国际社会的积极评价。     

经济全球化对发展中国家经济发展的影响

经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的一个趋势,作者认为,经济全球化对于发展中国家经济发展是一把双刃剑可能带来机遇和利益,又可能带来风险和灾难,对此文章做了客观、深入的分析