论环境责任保险对侵权法之影响

侵权法的局限性催生了环境责任保险,而传统侵权理论对环境责任保险正当性的质疑是站不住脚的,它阻碍了环境责任保险的发展.事实上,环境责任保险制度把环境民事责任与合同契约责任有机联系起来,弥补了侵权行为法在环境侵权领域的局限性,适应了时代发展的要求,不仅不违反道德规范,不会导致个人责任没落,反而突破了传统侵权理论的桎梏,强化了侵权法的补偿功能,促进了无过错责任原则的发展,扩大了侵权责任的范围和领域,有助于近代侵权法向现代侵权法过渡,对侵权行为法具有积极影响.     

浅谈当代大学生创新意识的培养

受现有教育体制和教育方式的限制,大学生的创新意识与创新能力亟待提高,这是我国高等教育所要解决的首要问题。为此,高校应该从树立创新教育理念、营造良好的创新氛围和提高大学生的文化底蕴入手,培养大学生的创新意识。     

"和平使命-2007":大国心态各异

战略是政略的延伸,和平年代大国博弈重在造势,"和平使命-2007"举世关注.透过纷繁喧闹的表象,研判大国间的攻防,对于此次军演,俄中美又各自潜藏着什么样的战略考虑呢?     

Determining Line-Crossing Sequences Between Laser Printing and Writing Pen Using Coaxial Light

Determining the application sequence of hand-written pen ink and printer toner lines has attracted significant interest in questioned document examination. This study uses coaxial light to determine line-crossing sequences, with intersections observed under a VSC600 forensic document workstation and a Leica M205A Stereo-microscope. Results show that reflected light at intersections and color contrast between intersections and nonintersections was observed when a hand-written ink line passes over a toner line, while a toner line passing over a written line appeared dull, with no color contrast. The procedure was tested under a range of conditions, such as types of writing pens and laser printers, the writer, and writing pressure, with the latter playing an important role in the evaluation. To validate the results, a 90% detection rate and 98% accuracy rate were achieved from 50 samples of blind testing, which is more effective than optical microscopy.     

4株猪瘟流行野毒株病毒结构蛋白E2基因的核苷酸序列分析

应用RT-PCR和nPCR扩增由4株甘肃省近期(1997-1998)猪瘟流行野毒株的E2基因,将其克隆到pGEMTEasy载体上,经转化、筛选、鉴定后,测出核苷核序列.4株流行毒株的E2基因核苷酸序列同源性为89.2%-99.7%,相应的氨基酸序列同源性为93.8%-99.0%.这4株流行毒株;与C-株(疫苗种毒)E2基因的核苷酸序列同源性为82.2%-84.3%,相应的氨基酸序列同源性为87.9%-90.2%,表明近期猪瘟流行毒株与C-株的gp55蛋白之间存在一定的差异.     

间接ELISA检测鸡大肠埃希氏菌菌毛抗体方法的建立

用大肠埃希氏菌O1、O2、O3、O78和O89株制备ELISA抗原,与抗鸡Ig单抗1B7酶结合物建立了检测鸡血清抗体水平的间接ELISA方法.经交叉试验、阻断试验、重复性试验等表明该方法重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高;确立了将鸡血清100倍稀释检测ELISA效价(ET)的回归方法y=2.453+0.131x(P＞0.05),可用于定量测定.用IH与ELISA方法的比较试验表明,ELISA法比IH法敏感性高4-100倍.     

Saving Strong Neighborhoods From the Destruction of Mortgage Foreclosures: The Impact of Community-Based Efforts in Detroit,Michigan

Mortgage foreclosures hit Detroit, Michigan hard between 2005 and 2014, especially in what we define as strong neighborhoods; there, more than one third of homes experienced foreclosure. Before the crisis hit, these selected tracts had largely intact physical environments and higher owner occupancy, household income and property value than the citywide median. In some of them residents worked intensely to abate the neighborhood effects of mortgage foreclosures. This study examines those efforts’ effectiveness. We selected neighborhoods with the most extensive efforts, as measured, for instance, by creation of community-based plans and applications for grants, and we conducted interviews and field observations to examine those efforts. To assess strengthening of neighborhood housing markets, we applied a modified adjusted interrupted time-series approach to evaluate changes in prices as one measure of neighborhood change. We found that strong resident initiative supported by community development organizations and external assistance led to increased neighborhood housing prices, compared with comparable neighborhoods. However, when initiative, context, and support were weaker, community-based efforts could not prevent considerable decline.     

中美新型大国关系的构建:基础与障碍——基于对外战略核心理念的分析

探讨中美之间新型大国关系必须关注中美外交战略的核心理念。中美两国外交战略的分歧源于核心理念的不同。美国的外交战略核心理念体现为"领导地位"和"伙伴关系",其目的是维持美国在全球的霸权;中国的外交战略核心理念则围绕"独立自主"和"相互依存"展开,其目的是成功实现和平崛起。以不同外交战略核心理念为基础的外交政策必然存在结构性矛盾与障碍。如何化解中美之间的战略矛盾,克服障碍,避免走中苏分裂的老路,是关乎中美新型大国关系能否成功构建的关键。     

Access and control of agro-biotechnology: Bt cotton,ecological change and risk in China

This article argues that if the introduction of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in developing countries is to be successful, we can and should not evade questions of access and control of technology. It implies probing into the experiences, perceptions and understanding of GM crops by the prime user: the farmer. Exactly in these respects the scholarly literature is remarkably silent. We know little about farmers' experiences and perceptions of GM crops' potential risks and benefits. This is evident when concentrating on a major GM crop – Bt cotton – and studying this in the context of China, its second largest producer in the world. Based on the results of a large survey, we demonstrate that Chinese farmers' awareness (‘having heard of’) and their understanding (‘being able to explain’) of Bt cotton is low. This may lead to ill-informed, distorted risk perceptions and a general inability to relate agricultural production problems to the specific nature of transgenic cotton cultivation. A great majority of the farmers find that the Chinese seed market was liberalised too early, in turn leading to a high incidence of ‘stealth transgenics’ or illegal seeds, the undermining of farmers' trust in private institutions, and a weakened biosafety regime. This finding points to the need for continued state intervention in the seed market, particularly in a developing context. Finally, we have discovered that farmers report a significantly lower reduction in pesticide use by Bt cotton than found in other studies. As suggested by recent research, we suspect that the higher pesticide use is necessary to control secondary pests – i.e. pests other than the cotton bollworm. We present empirical evidence that Chinese farmers perceive a substantive increase in secondary pests after Bt cotton was introduced.     

分权视野下的高校教代会建设

高校教代会建设是我国创建一流大学和实现大学自身发展的需要。然而在当前情况下,我国高校教代会却由于缺乏法律支撑,呈现出自身职权弱化,代表选举虚置,提案质量低下等一系列问题。新时期的教代会建设应以高校内部的分权制衡为破解思路,通过校级教代会分权行使高校民主权力,二级教代会分权行使自治权力和教代会自身制度建设与完善,来实现教代会自身的建设与发展,并最终促进我国高等教育事业的发展。