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151.
This article reinterprets the discursive terms and cultural meanings that redefined the legal campaign against Big Tobacco during recent decades. We underline the palpable shift from a conventional tort‐based logic of products liability claims, which most analysts emphasize, to a logic incorporating key features identified with criminal law or “crimtorts.” The study builds on legal mobilization theory and combines narrative history of events with systematic analysis of media coverage across a twenty‐year period to demonstrate how Big Tobacco was criminalized over two decades. 相似文献
152.
David Weisburd David P. Farrington Charlotte Gill With Mimi Ajzenstadt Trevor Bennett Kate Bowers Michael S. Caudy Katy Holloway Shane Johnson Friedrich Lösel Jacqueline Mallender Amanda Perry Liansheng Larry Tang Faye Taxman Cody Telep Rory Tierney Maria M. Ttofi Carolyn Watson David B. Wilson and Alese Wooditch 《犯罪学与公共政策》2017,16(2):415-449
153.
Larry May 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2010,4(3):249-265
For hundreds of years procedural rights such as habeas corpus have been regarded as fundamental in the Anglo-American system
of jurisprudence. In contemporary international law, fundamental norms are called jus cogens. Jus cogens norms are rights or rules that can not be derogated even by treaty. In the list that is often given, jus cogens norms include norms against aggression, apartheid, slavery, and genocide. All of the members of this list are substantive
rights. In this paper I will argue that some procedural rights, crucial for the fair functioning of criminal proceedings,
such as habeas corpus, should also have the status of jus cogens norms. I will begin by explaining what it means for a right to have jus cogens status. And I will follow this with a defense of having procedural rights like habeas corpus added to the list of jus cogens norms. I will then rehearse some of the debates about the jus cogens status of procedural rights in the European Commission on Human Rights. At the end of this paper, I will look at the attempts
to deal with the abuses at Guantanamo by the American Commission on Human Rights, and by the US and Australian courts, as
a way to understand why there needs to be a stronger support for habeas corpus than is today provided by regional courts. 相似文献
154.
155.
Antoinette R. Lozano G. Larry Mays L. Thomas Winfree 《Juvenile & family court journal》1990,41(2):25-39
This project was designed to explore the population of a unique juvenile training school in New Mexico. The development of juvenile training schools and the problems which arose from their development are presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance and difficulties of evaluation research in juvenile corrections. Finally, recommendations and suggestions are offered based on the results of the analyses 相似文献
156.
157.
Larry K. Gaines Norman Van Tubergen Michael A. Paiva 《Journal of criminal justice》1984,12(3):265-275
This article is an examination of the role of promotion in police motivation. Promotion represents only one source of motivation within the police department, but it is considered to be a significant source. Officers from two Connecticut Police Departments were used in this study, and Q-Methodology was used. The study investigated the need structure (which needs were important) of police officers, and the extent to which promotion satisfied need. The results indicated that officers felt higher order needs were more important than lower order needs. Moreover, officers were divided over the instrumentality of promotion fulfilling their needs, and there were demographic characteristics which appeared to contribute to these differences. 相似文献
158.
Larry Sirowy Alex Inkeles 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1990,25(1):126-157
What effects does political democracy have on such development outcomes as economic growth and socioeconomic equality? Competing theoretical models have been proposed that represent each of the possibilities: democracy as facilitating development, democracy as a hindrance to development, and democracy as bearing no independent relationship to development outcomes. Each of these theoretical models is explicated and, then, the evidence from quantitative, cross-national tests of the effects is reviewed. Overall, the evidence provided by the approximately dozen studies for each outcome yields few robust conclusions with respect to the theoretical models. To guide in the evaluation of the evidence, the studies are in turn distinguished by such design characteristics as sample, period observed, measures used, and form of relationship specified. This procedure, while it does not produce definitive support for any of the models, does assist in interpreting the results of past research as well as generating fertile guidelines for future research. 相似文献
159.
Based on a Downsian perspective of voting behavior, this study assesses the extent to which short-term regional economic conditions influenced the electoral district vote for Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party in the 1983 and 1986 elections to the House of Representatives. Unlike traditional scholarly interpretations, which stress the unique and nonindividualistic determinants of Japanese voting, our regression estimates indicate that economic voting in Japan resembles that identified in studies of other political systems, where unemployment has been shown to be an important predictor of the vote, which income is not. The findings fit with more recent evidence that Japanese political behavior is genuinely susceptible to comparative analysis, and point to the need for a revised understanding of Japanese electoral behavior. 相似文献
160.
Diane R. Follingstad Anne F. Brennan Elizabeth S. Hause Darlene S. Polek Larry L. Rutledge 《Journal of family violence》1991,6(1):81-95
Physical and psychological symptoms of battered women were investigated based on the theory that their ongoing victimization would produce stress-related symptoms. It was hypothesized that moderating variables (e.g., frequency and severity of abuse, predictability and controllability of abuse, social support networks) would influence the effects of abuse. Battered women (N = 234) were interviewed according to a structured format which allowed for behavioral indices of the data and categorization of the women's responses. Results indicated that frequency of abuse was a strong predictor of the number and severity of symptoms. Those women who could predict abuse experienced more symptoms. Severity of physical and psychological symptoms was predicted by a model including women with more injuries requiring medical attention, women adhering to traditional sex role values, and the presence of one type of emotional abuse. Battered women perceived their physical and emotional health as deteriorating during the relationship and during the abuse, but as getting healthier after the abuse ended. Future research needs to replicate these findings with a representative group of battered women who are still in the battering relationship. 相似文献