博弈论视角下我国群体性事件及治理路径探讨

近年来我国群体性事件规模和数量均呈上升趋势。群体性事件的产生受多种因素的影响,并且有一定的社会根源。而群体性事件发生的整个过程实际上就是各参与主体的博弈过程。本文通过建立博弈模型,从理论上对参与主体进行分析,研究其利益诉求及其在博弈中的地位,以及不同形式下的博弈均衡,以期实现对群体性事件进行预防和有效治理。     

论量刑根据──兼及刑法第61条的立法完善

量刑根据是量刑的基础。我国刑法中的刑事责任的内涵不同于欧陆刑法中的责任,决定了我国不能照搬欧陆刑法关于量刑根据的规定。我国的量刑根据由行为刑事责任与性格刑事责任所构成,行为刑事责任是基本的量刑根据,性格刑事责任是补充的量刑根据,两者的结合兼顾了报应与预防。行为刑事责任的程度表现为基本法定刑、加重或者减轻法定刑和由犯罪情节所影响的处罚轻重等三个层次。性格刑事责任的程度应由法官具体判断。现行刑法第61条关于量刑根据的规定,存在主旨不明和表述不清的弊端,应当加以完善。     

E‐participation Opportunities and the Ambiguous Role of Corruption: A Model of Municipal Responsiveness to Sociopolitical Factors

Municipalities ostensibly scale the ladder of e‐participation improvement to gain legitimacy. However, research has not yet addressed how e‐participation initiatives are affected by serious legitimacy concerns such as corruption. One municipal response to corruption is to use e‐participation offerings as a remedial effort to gain citizen trust, but window‐dressing strategies might also be used. In this article, the authors attempt to make sense of this ambiguity by hypothesizing that the effects of perceived corruption on e‐participation offerings depend on the type of e‐participation as well as the level of local social capital and local public accountability demand. Analysis of data from 104 municipal websites in South Africa between 2013 and 2017 reveals support for two moderation mechanisms: (1) a positive remedial response to corruption in the presence of strong social capital and (2) a negative avoidance response to corruption in the presence of high demand for accountability.     

The state of nature and the evolution of political preferences

Analysis of governmental institutions often proceeds from ahypothetical 'state of nature', according to which humans areanalyzed as if they once existed as solitary individuals withno rules. Humans have never existed as humans in such an environmentbut have always been a group-living species. Rules have evolvedwith humans and were never 'created' de novo. Evolved ruleshave implications for contemporary governance. Human groupshave always been in conflict, and rules distinguish betweengroup members and outsiders. These rules have proved remarkablyflexible. Some rules regulate private conduct of group members.Although the desirability of these rules today is unclear, Iargue that a libertarian regime would have been unstable, whichmay explain why there are few persons with tastes for libertariangovernments. This analysis further explains why utility functionscontain elements of envy. Rules of property, contract, and hierarchyare well developed and universal among humans.     

刑事诉讼法学研究的回顾与反思

由于研究方法和研究视角的限制,中国刑事诉讼法学研究正面临前所未有的挑战。要走出学术困境,迎来法学研究的繁荣,刑事诉讼法学研究者应当在对传统的法学方法加以完善的基础上,引入社会科学的研究方法,从经验事实中提炼出有生命力的法学理论。为此,应当从中国问题出发,提炼出一些对中国问题具有理论解释力的概念和范畴;应当放弃那种动辄赞美西方法制、批判中国法制的研究态度,从中国移植西方法制的经验和教训中找到一些规律性的东西;应当从中国自生自发的司法改革中发现制度形成和生长的规律,从而发现那些真正有生命力的制度,并提出中国的法学理论;应当纠正那种过于重视引进西方证据概念和证据理论的倾向,从中国的司法哲学、法律史和法律实践中发现证据规则,形成自己的证据理论。     

Exploring the Relationship between Trust in Government and Citizen Participation

Theories of deliberative and stealth democracy offer different predictions on the relationship between trust in government and citizen participation. To help resolve the contradictory predictions, this study used the World Values Survey to examine the influence of trust in government on citizen participation. Regression analyses yielded mixed results. As deliberative democracy theory predicts, the findings showed that people who trust governmental institutions are more likely to vote and sign a petition. However, the data provided limited support for stealth democracy in that trust in government negatively affects the frequency of attending a demonstration.