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121.
William?S.?RogersEmail author Jeremy?Bidwell Laura?Wilson 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(4):241-251
Eighty heterosexual dating couples provided information about their gender, individual histories of abuse in their current
relationship, attachment styles, perception of and satisfaction with relationship power. Partner report of physical abuse
was the dependent variable. APIM actor results suggest that an individual's gender interacts with perceived level of relationship
power and satisfaction with relationship power for physical abuse. Both dimensions of attachment interacted with perceived
relationship power for physical abuse. Partner effects were also found. One's partner's sex interacted with perceived power
and satisfaction with relationship power. Finally, the partner's avoidant attachment interacted with satisfaction with relationship
power. These findings generally replicate and extend the work of H. M. Ronfeldt, R. Kimerling, and I. Arias (1998, J. Marriage Fam. 60: 70–78) by showing how attachment styles, perception of relationship power, and satisfaction with relationship power are
related in predicting aggression against a romantic partner. 相似文献
122.
Rib histological age estimation requires the evaluation of the middle third of the sixth rib. Human ribs have thin cortices and, when recovered, are often fragmented or absent, making it difficult to identify a specific midthoracic rib. This research explores the amount of microstructure variation in the middle third of the midthoracic ribs and determines whether the sixth rib age prediction equation can be applied to non-sixth ribs with similar accuracy. The amount of variability must be evaluated in order to meet the criterion for evidentiary examination. The sample consists of 120 cortical bone cross-sections from the middle third of ribs 3-8 removed from 20 cadavers. For each rib, osteon population densities (OPDs) and associated age estimates were calculated. The results demonstrate that non-sixth ribs can provide similar OPD values compared with those of the sixth ribs; however, individual variation proved to be significantly associated with bias, suggesting that individual factors influence the magnitude and direction of bias in non-sixth rib OPD values. This demonstrates the importance of evaluating multiple cross-sections (both intra- and inter-rib) to estimate age due to the normal remodeling variation within individuals. 相似文献
123.
Marchetti D Filograna L Colecchi C 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(3):223-226
The authors describe a case of sellar fracture followed by sudden death. The victim was involved in a wrangle. The autopsy revealed facial damage and sellar fracture and no evidence of cerebral damage, except for a mild subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left parietotemporal regions and undersurface of both frontal lobes. Sellar fracture is a rare and severe entity, associated with serious complications, which is frequently diagnosed postmortem. In any case, death is rarely a direct consequence of the sellar fracture itself and is usually considered to be the result of associated cerebral trauma. This case prompted us to screen the literature on sellar fracture to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of death. 相似文献
124.
Lock E Aalberg L Andersson K Dahlén J Cole MD Finnon Y Huizer H Jalava K Kaa E Lopes A Poortman-van der Meer A Sippola E 《Forensic science international》2007,169(1):77-85
This paper is the fifth in a series of six in relation to the development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamine [L. Aalberg, K. Andersson, C. Bertler, H. Borén, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, K. Jalava, E. Kaa, E. Lock, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines I. Synthesis of standards and compilation of analytical data, Forensic Sci. Int. 149 (2005) 219-229; L. Aalberg, K. Andersson, C. Bertler, M.D. Cole, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, K. Jalava, E. Kaa, E. Lock, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, E. Sippola, J. Dahlén, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines II. Stability of impurities in organic solvents, Forensic Sci. Int. 149 (2005) 231-241]. The third paper [K. Andersson, K. Jalava, E. Lock, L. Aalberg, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, E. Kaa, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines III. Development of the gas chromatographic method, Forensic Sci. Int., in press] dealt with the optimisation of the gas chromatographic and detection methods whereas the fourth paper [K. Andersson, K. Jalava, E. Lock, Y. Finnon, S. Stevenson, L. Aalberg, H. Huizer, E. Kaa, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines IV. Optimisation of sample preparation, Forensic Sci. Int., in press] concerned the optimisation of the extraction method prior to GC analysis. This paper is a study of the optimised method in order to determine its stability. Investigations of within and between day variations were carried out in four laboratories. Moreover, variations between laboratories were also determined. Both flame ionisation detector (FID) and MS detection were used. One laboratory studied nitrogen-phosphorous detector (NPD) detection as well. For this task, 12 batches of amphetamine were prepared. Six of them were synthesised via the Leuckart route, three via the nitrostyrene route and three via the reductive amination route [A.M.A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Rev. 1 (1989) 2-11]. Taking into account all studied target compounds and the average results from four laboratories, the within day variation was around 6% for FID and 5% for MS, the between days variation was around 10% for FID and 8% for MS. For NPD detection, within day variation was 5% and between days variation 9% (only one laboratory). Finally, the inter-laboratory variation was about 12% for FID (four laboratories) and 10% for MS (three laboratories). 相似文献
125.
J Hall L Porter D Longhi J Becker-Green S Dreyfus 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2012,40(4):325-334
Community capacity for organization and collaboration has been shown to be a powerful tool for improving the health and well-being of communities. Since 1994 the Washington State Family Policy Council has supported the development of community capacity in 42 community public health and safety networks. Community networks bring local communities together to restructure natural supports and local resources to meet the needs of families and children, and increase cross-system coordination and flexible funding streams to improve local services and policy. In this study, researchers sought to demonstrate the strong impact of the community networks' capacity to interrupt health and social problems. Findings suggest that community networks reduce health and safety problems for the entire community population. Further, community networks with high community capacity reduced adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in young adults ages 18-34. 相似文献
126.
André Blais Maxime Héroux-Legault Laura Stephenson William Cross Elisabeth Gidengil 《Electoral Studies》2012
The paper assesses the influence of electoral rules on vote choice and election outcomes using a quasi-experiment conducted during a recent Canadian provincial election. Respondents were invited to vote under three voting systems (first past the post, alternative voting and proportional representation) and to answer a short questionnaire. We examine how the distribution of votes and seats is affected, and we ascertain how much of the total difference is due to psychological and mechanical effects. We find that a PR system would have increased legislative fractionalization by the equivalent of one effective party and that the mechanical effect is much more important than the psychological effect. As for AV, its mechanical and psychological effects act in opposite directions. 相似文献
127.
Paolo Feltracco M.D. Stefania Barbieri M.D. Helmut Galligioni M.D. Laura Pasin M.D. Rosa Maria Gaudio M.D. Aurelio Tommasi M.D. Alessandro Zucchetto M.D. Paride Trevisiol M.D. Carlo Ori Ph.D. Francesco Maria Avato Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1656-1658
Abstract: The growth in popularity of flying ultralight aircraft and paragliding has been associated with an increased involvement of Emergency Medical Services because of various types of trauma suffered from both inexperienced and skilled individuals. This case presentation reports on a paraglider pilot, who was seen spinning “unusually” rapidly toward the ground, without visible attempts to regain control of the aircraft. Besides the bilateral mydriasis and the absence of any ECG activity, there was a significant swelling of face, lips, neck, and tongue. Upon opening the mouth, a dead bee was found over the tongue, underneath the palate. A fatal anaphylactic shock was the likely cause of death of the pilot while still “in mid‐air.” This case is certainly different from the commonly reported accidents during paragliding. An updated review of the medical literature shows no reported cases of fatal anaphylactic shock during the practice of paragliding. 相似文献
128.
Cochran JK Bjerregaard B 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2012,56(2):203-217
Anomie is a highly prominent theoretical construct in macro-social, particularly cross-national, criminological inquiry. Yet despite its prominence, it has proven to be quite elusive with regard to its measurement and, hence, making it nearly impossible to test theoretical hypotheses regarding its predictive efficacy. Although the concept, whether derived from Merton's classic conceptualization or from its current incarnation in the form of institutional anomie as developed by Messner and Rosenfeld, is multidimensional and complex in its theoretical structure, most researchers have attempted to operationalize it through simple, single-item, often surrogate/proxy measures. The present research note attempts to develop a measure that is more consistent with its multidimensional and complex nature. This more complex operationalization is then examined with regard to its efficacy at predicting cross-national levels of both homicide and theft. Our results suggest that that this new operationalization has considerable predictive efficacy, accounting for approximately one third of the variation in the cross-national level of both homicide and theft. 相似文献
129.
Gilchrist E Jongekrijg F Harvey L Smith N Barron L 《Forensic science international》2012,219(1-3):50-56
Gunshot residue (GSR) is commonly analysed in forensic casework using either scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Relatively little work has been reported on the post-discharge GSR content of non-metallic inorganic or low molecular weight organic anions to distinguish between different ammunition types. The development of an analytical method using suppressed micro-bore anion exchange chromatography (IC) is presented for the analysis of GSR. A hydroxide gradient was optimised for the separation of 19 forensically relevant organic and inorganic anions in <23min and sensitivities of the order of 0.12-3.52ng of anion detected for all species were achieved. Along with an optimised extraction procedure, this method was applied to the analysis of post-ignition residues from three selected ammunition types. By profiling and comparing the anionic content in each ammunition residue, the possibility to distinguish between each type using their anionic profiles and absolute weight is presented. The potential for interference is also discussed with respect to sample types which are typically problematic in the analysis of GSR using SEM-EDX and GC-MS. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first study on the analysis of inorganic anions in GSR using suppressed ion chromatography. 相似文献
130.
Rational choice perspectives maintain that seemingly irrational behavior on the part of terrorist organizations may nevertheless
reflect strategic planning. In this paper we examine spatial and temporal patterns of terrorist attacks by the Spanish group
ETA between 1970 and 2007. Our analysis is guided by a public announcement by ETA in 1978 that the group would shift from
emphasizing attacks in the Basque territory to instead launch attacks more widely in the hopes of exhausting the Spanish government
and forcing it to abandon the Basque territory. This announcement suggests that prior to the end of 1978 ETA attacks were
based mostly on controlling territory in the Basque region that they hoped to rule; and after 1978 the organization decided
to instead undertake a prolonged war of attrition. Accordingly, we argue that before the end of 1978 ETA was mostly perpetrating
control attacks (attacking only within the Basque territories) and that the diffusion of attacks between provinces was mostly
contagious (spreading contiguously). After the 1978 proclamation, we argue that the attack strategy shifted toward attrition
(attacking in areas outside of the Basque territories) and that the attacks were more likely to diffuse hierarchically (spreading
to more distant locations). As predicted, we find that after ETA moved toward a more attrition based attack strategy, subsequent
attacks were significantly more likely to occur outside the Basque region and to target non-adjacent regions (consistent with
hierarchical diffusion). We also find that hierarchical diffusion was more common when a longer time elapsed between attacks
(a likely consequence of the fact that more distant attacks require more resources and planning) and that attacks against
Madrid were unlikely to be followed immediately by more attacks on Madrid or surrounding provinces. After ETA announced a
shift in policy, they maintained a highly dispersed attack strategy even during their period of decline. Using information
about where and when prior attacks occurred could provide useful information for policy makers countering groups like ETA. 相似文献