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131.
Several previous studies have found that interventions by security forces against criminal organisations result in increased violence related to organised crime. However, much less is known about how and why this effect occurs. Our study not only identifies the causal mechanisms that explain this outcome, but also evaluates the empirical validity of these mechanisms. Employing a novel data set, we find that following security-force intervention, the number of criminal organisations increases, and such greater fragmentation in turn raises the incidence of violence among criminal organisations as the relative power of the organisations changes. We employ a mediation model to verify the existence of these causal mechanisms. In addition, we find a decreasing rate of rise in levels of violence as the number of organisations increases. 相似文献
132.
Laura H. Atuesta 《Global Crime》2017,18(2):100-121
Drug-related homicides in Mexico have increased to levels never before seen and organised crime has evolved accordingly, becoming more fragmented and diverse. This work analyses the evolution of organised crime and drug-related violence in Mexico by examining how drug trafficking organisations (DTOs) communicate through the messages left next to executed bodies from 2007 to 2011. Results suggest that the use of narcomessages has changed and developed in parallel with the evolution of organised crime. In the beginning, DTOs used their victims merely to position themselves. Over time, as the organisations became stronger, they began to direct and sign their narcomessages. By 2009, rivalries were firmly entrenched between several criminal groups, even while the increasing violence led to the creation of new groups with the stated purpose of defending citizens. The evolution of organised crime is observed by the fragmentation of existing groups, the consolidation of new alliances, and the creation of new groups. 相似文献
133.
Larry J. Nelson Laura M. Padilla-Walker Katherine J. Christensen Cortney A. Evans Jason S. Carroll 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(6):730-743
The changing nature of the transition to adulthood in western societies, such as the United States, may be extending the length
of time parents are engaged in “parenting” activities. However, little is known about different approaches parents take in
their interactions with their emerging-adult children. Hence, this study attempted to identify different clusters of parents
based on the extent to which they exhibited both extremes of control (psychological control, punishment, verbal hostility,
indulgence) and responsiveness (knowledge, warmth, induction, autonomy granting), and to examine how combinations of parenting
were related to emerging adult children’s relational and individual outcomes (e.g. parent–child relationship quality, drinking,
self-worth, depression). The data were collected from 403 emerging adults (M age = 19.89, SD = 1.78, range = 18–26, 62% female) and at least one of their parents (287 fathers and 317 mothers). Eighty-four
percent of participants reported being European American, 6% Asian American, 4% African American, 3% Latino, and 4% reported
being of other ethnicities. Data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, separately for mothers and fathers, and
identified three similar clusters of parents which we labeled as uninvolved (low on all aspects of parenting), controlling-indulgent (high on both extremes of control and low on all aspects of responsiveness), and authoritative (high on responsiveness and low on control). A fourth cluster was identified for both mothers and fathers and was labeled
as inconsistent for mothers (mothers were above the mean on both extremes of control and on responsiveness) and average for fathers (fathers were at the mean on all eight aspects of parenting). The discussion focuses on how each of these clusters
effectively distinguished between child outcomes. 相似文献
134.
135.
136.
Laura McKinnonAuthor Vitae 《Computer Law & Security Report》2011,27(4):362-367
Estate planners’ current strategies for the disposition of digital assets are quickly becoming out-dated. This is largely the result of ambiguities concerning proprietary rights of digital assets after death. When advising clients on how to plan for the succession of digital assets, it is important for estate planners to understand the nature of digital assets today and to recognize how these assets may evolve. In failing to take into account the evolving nature of digital assets, estate planners are liable to craft short-sighted and thus ineffective succession plans. As the popularity of digital executor businesses increases, estate planners ought to caution clients on their shortcomings. Additionally, legislatures must create statutes which outline the rights of individuals vis-à-vis online service providers. 相似文献
137.
Physical Abuse in a College Setting: A Study of Perceptions and Participation in Abusive Dating Relationships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura M. Miller 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(1):71-80
This study explored the relationships between college students’ self-identification as recipients and/or perpetrators of abuse
in their dating relationships and abusive behaviors reported. A cross-sectional examination of 1,530 undergraduate students
was conducted. Results indicated that one in four college students were involved in a physically abusive dating relationship
(involving at least two acts of physically violent behavior), and that over 85% of them failed to self-identify as ever having
received and/or perpetrated any act of physical abuse. College students involved in abusive dating relationships were more
likely than those not in abusive dating relationships to be in a relationship of a longer duration, to have been in a previous
abusive dating relationship, and to be more accepting, in general, of physical abuse as a means of conflict resolution. 相似文献
138.
Annmarie C. Hulette Laura A. Kaehler Jennifer J. Freyd 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(3):217-225
The purpose of this study was to investigate intergenerational relationships between trauma and dissociation. Short and long
term consequences of betrayal trauma (i.e., trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is very close) on dissociation
were examined in a sample of 67 mother–child dyads using group comparison and regression strategies. Experiences of high betrayal
trauma were found to be related to higher levels of dissociation in both children and mothers. Furthermore, mothers who experienced
high betrayal trauma in childhood and were subsequently interpersonally revictimized in adulthood were shown to have higher
levels of dissociation than non-revictimized mothers. Maternal revictimization status was associated with child interpersonal
trauma history. These results suggest that dissociation from a history of childhood betrayal trauma may involve a persistent
unawareness of future threats to both self and children. 相似文献
139.
The processing of claims for compensation arising from the April 20, 2010, explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig and its environmental and economic aftermath has proceeded simultaneously before the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and insurers. The criteria for recovery between these two recipients of claims differ significantly. Compensation from the facility has included claims for purely economic injury, whereas compensation from insurance generally requires, inter alia, a closer geographic or causal nexus to property damage. The resolution of compensation issues both by the facility and insurers will impact whether further disputes arise in the courts. Based upon similar experiences from September 11 and Hurricane Katrina, these issues are likely to continue for several years before they are fully resolved. 相似文献
140.