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941.
When regulators are faced with practical challenges, policy instrument choice theories can help them find the best solution. However, not all such theories are equally helpful. This paper aims to offer regulators a better alternative to the current policy instrument choice theories. We will specifically address the shortcomings of “smart regulation theory” and present an alternative that keeps the best of that theory while remediating its weak points. Some authors (Böcher and Töller 2003; Baldwin and Black 2008) say that smart regulation theory does not address institutional issues, compliance type-specific response, performance-sensitivity and adaptability of regulatory regime. We have resolved these problems by merging the smart regulation theory with the policy arrangement approach and the policy learning concept. We call the resulting approach “regulatory arrangement approach” (RAA). The central idea of the RAA is to constrain the almost infinite “smart” regulatory options by: the national policy style; adverse effects of policy arrangements of adjoining policies; the structure of the policy arrangement of the investigated policy and competence dependencies of other institutions. The reduction can be so drastic that the potential governance capacity falls below the smart regulation threshold. In other words, no smart regulatory arrangement can be developed in that institutional context unless policy learning occurs. In addition, a “smart” regulatory arrangement is no guarantee that the policy will succeed. For this reason, the performance of the regulatory arrangement is measured and evaluated. Performance below a certain threshold indicates that the regulatory arrangement needs to be adapted, which then results in policy learning. We illustrate the usefulness of this new approach with a secondary analysis of the Flemish sustainable forest management policy. 相似文献
942.
943.
Verhees Martine W. F. T. Finet Chloë Vandesande Sien Bastin Margot Bijttebier Patricia Bodner Nadja Van Aswegen Tanya Van de Walle Magali Bosmans Guy 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2021,50(8):1649-1662
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Although widely accepted, attachment theory’s hypothesis that insecure attachment is associated with the development of depressive symptoms through emotion... 相似文献
944.
Lynn Janssen Manon Jacobs Nancy Vanderheyden Bram Bekaert Wim Van de Voorde Ronny Decorte 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):123-124
Free fluorescent dyes from PCR primers or amplification products can interfere with the interpretation of STR alleles in an electropherograph especially when the profiles have a low signal intensity. These artefacts can be removed by using a simple procedure based on BigDye® XTerminator™. This procedure requires limited amounts of PCR product, allows to do several loadings on a capillary sequencer starting from the same purified PCR product and also increases the sensitivity for detection of less amplified loci. 相似文献
945.
946.
Perceived conflict patterns and relationship quality associated with verbal sexual coercion by male dating partners 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study of verbal sexual coercion in heterosexual relationships is controversial because nonphysical coercive tactics are often viewed as socially acceptable. It was hypothesized that, within couples, verbal sexual coercion will occur within a larger context of destructive conflict tactics and diminished relationship quality. Female undergraduates in consensually sexual dating relationships (N = 193) provided self-report data on male partner verbal sexual coercion perceived conflict behaviors, and relationship quality. About 21% reported current partner verbal sexual coercion. Results reveal positive associations between feeling pressured into unwanted sex and perceptions of partner psychological abuse and destructive verbal conflict patterns. Also as expected, partner verbal sexual coercion is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and sexual functioning. The authors conclude that women's experiences of verbal sexual coercion in heterosexual relationships may reflect broader problems in the dyadic context. 相似文献
947.
The present study prospectively explored the predictors of resistance strategies to a sexual assault situation. Participants were assessed at the beginning of an academic quarter on a number of variables, including past history of sexual victimization, perceived risk of sexual victimization, and intentions to use specific types of resistance strategies. Only women who reported being victimized over the interim (N=68) were included in the analyses, which suggested that women's Time 1 intentions to utilize assertive resistance strategies (e.g., physically fight, run away) and offender aggression predicted women's use of assertive resistance strategies in response to the assault that occurred over the follow-up. Women's utilization of nonforceful verbal resistance (e.g., reason, plead, quarrel) was predicted by perpetrator aggression and previous sexual victimization. Women's immobility (e.g., turn cold, freeze) during the assault that took place over the interim was predicted by experiences of childhood sexual victimization and previous sexual victimization. 相似文献
948.
Gualandri G Rivasi F Santunione AL Silingardi E 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2008,29(2):185-190
Spontaneous hematoma of the umbilical cord represents a rare cause of fetal morbidity and mortality and the outcome is poor in half of the cases. There are many risk factors, such as infections, morphologic anomalies, alterations of the vessel walls, prolapses, twisting and traction of the cord, but in many cases the causes remain unknown. We present 3 cases of umbilical cord hematoma which took place at the end of the pregnancy and were followed by perinatal death of the fetus. In the 3 cases, which were autopsied including macroscopical and histopathologic examination of the placenta and the umbilical cord, a cordonal pathology was present; in all cases, there were alterations of the vascular wall, and in the third case inflammatory vasculopathy was found. In all 3 cases, the cause of death was attributed to acute anoxia due to the cordonal hematoma. 相似文献
949.
Laura De Fazio 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2009,15(3):229-242
Stalking became a subject of academic and social concern in Europe in the mid-1990s. Shortly afterwards the issue of legislation
became the subject of debate in some countries and in 1997 the United Kingdom was the first European Member State that passed
anti-stalking legislation. Denmark constitutes an exception because its Criminal Code of 1933 contains a provision which also
deals with stalking. Other States that up to now have passed legislation against stalking in Europe are Belgium, the Netherlands,
Germany, Malta, Ireland, Austria and, last in order of time, Italy. Where an anti-stalking law exists, legislators have introduced
a new article into the existing Penal Code or have amended an article still in force for similar conduct, or have introduced
a specific Act against Harassment or Domestic Violence which is intended to cover not only such conduct but also stalking.
In the remaining European countries where an anti- stalking law does not exist, it is possible to prosecute stalking only
when the behaviour amounts to crimes prosecutable under other existing norms. This article analyses legal regulations on stalking
across European Member States in civil and criminal justice considering specific laws addressing the phenomenon or, alternatively,
other laws under which stalking can be prosecuted. In the conclusions some advantages and disadvantages of European anti-stalking
laws are discussed and some suggestions are given for future work in order to improve the protection of the victims of stalking. 相似文献
950.
In two experiments, we examined whether post-event information (PEI) about true and false events persisted in children’s reports
after approximately 1 year. In Experiment 1, 4- to 6-year-olds were given PEI and then were given memory tests 2 weeks and
15 months later. Although PEI appeared in free recall at the initial testing, it decreased substantially by the long-term
test. In contrast, on recognition tasks the children showed facilitation and misinformation effects at initial and follow-up
tests. Experiment 2 replicated lasting misinformation and facilitation effects in recognition memory among 4- to 9-year-olds
who were tested after 1-week and 10-month delays. We conclude that true and false reminders about an experienced event continue
to affect children’s memory approximately 1 year later.
相似文献
Kamala LondonEmail: |