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111.
Lauren M. MacLean 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2011,46(1):118-136
This paper examines the consequences for equity of different patterns of non-state social welfare provision, specifically
the informal institutions of reciprocity among families, friends, and village neighbors in rural West Africa. Based on over
18 months of fieldwork in similar regions on either side of the Ghana-Cote d’Ivoire border, this paper challenges many existing
assumptions in the literature, revealing that the informal institutions of reciprocity were not only less vibrant overall,
but also differed strikingly in terms of who was helping who and how in particular localities. The paper argues that the informal institutions of reciprocity were more exhausted in the Ghanaian
villages and more exclusive in the Ivoirian ones. The study highlights that the informal system of non-state social welfare
provided by the family, friends, and neighborhood did not simply expand to fill the functional gaps left by the neoliberal
retrenchment of the state. The paper concludes that when policies are designed based on an overly romanticized image of kinship
and communal reciprocity in Africa, it is the very poor that increasingly fall through the gaps of the state and non-state
system of social welfare. 相似文献
112.
John D. McCluskey Craig D. Uchida Shellie E. Solomon Alese Wooditch Christine Connor Lauren Revier 《犯罪学》2019,57(2):208-236
In this article, we explore variations in procedural justice delivered in face‐to‐face encounters with citizens before and after the implementation of body‐worn cameras (BWCs). We draw on recent advances in the measurement of procedural justice using systematic social observation of police in field settings in the Los Angeles Police Department. Data collected on 555 police–citizen encounters are examined in bivariate and multivariate models exploring the primary hypothesis that BWCs affect procedural justice delivered by police directly and indirectly. Our results indicate that significant increases in procedural justice during police–citizen encounters were directly attributable to the effect of BWCs on police behavior as well as to the indirect effects on citizen disrespect and other variables. The implications for policy include explicit measurement and monitoring of procedural justice or elements such as officer discourtesy in departments adopting BWCs. Further research questions such as more detailed examination of citizens’ behavior changes under BWCs are also considered in the context of the findings. 相似文献
113.
Lauren Blakey M.Phil. George P. Sharples Ph.D. Kal Chana G.R.S.C. Jason W. Birkett Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1668-1672
The susceptibility for recreational shooters to transfer gunshot residue (GSR) to both the interior and exterior of a vehicle is investigated. A comprehensive sampling protocol was used to assess the most likely areas of GSR transfer from recreational shooter contact, such as the steering wheel and the area, the firearms were stored (the trunk). Up to 315 characteristic GSR, particles were found in several locations throughout the interior of a vehicle. As many as 876 characteristic particles were found throughout a single vehicle. The data indicate that vehicles frequently occupied by firearms users are a potential source for inadvertent transfer of GSR to persons unrelated to firearm activity. In criminal cases where vehicles have been used, such transfer processes for GSR need to be considered within the context of any case interpretation. The implications for subsequent contamination and transfer processes from such vehicles require further investigation. 相似文献
114.
115.
Examined prospective associations among poverty-related family stress, coping, involuntary stress reactivity, and psychological
symptoms in a sample of 79 rural, low-income adolescents. Poverty-related family stress predicted adolescents’ anxious/depressed
and aggressive behavior 8 months later, controlling for prior symptoms. Coping interacted with initial symptoms and involuntary
stress reactivity to predict changes in symptoms over time, showing that primary and secondary control coping were most strongly
associated with changes in symptoms for adolescents with low initial symptoms and involuntary stress reactivity. The only
significant predictor of coping over time was prior coping, suggesting that coping is not symptom-driven and may be somewhat
trait-like. Implications for interventions and additional research are offered.
Assistant Professor, University of Denver. Received PhD from University of Vermont. Research interests include the effects
of poverty on family functioning, developmental issues in stress and coping, and developmental psychopathology
Doctoral student in Clinical Psychology, University of Denver. Research interests include close relationship influences on
adolescent development and psychopathology. 相似文献
116.
117.
Goldstein Brandon L. Grasso Damion J. McCarthy Kimberly J. Wakschlag Lauren S. Pine Daniel S. Briggs-Gowan Margaret J. 《Journal of family violence》2021,36(8):967-978
Journal of Family Violence - Childhood exposure to traumatic violence may shape how children respond to threatening faces and increase risk for psychopathology. Maltreated children may exhibit... 相似文献
118.
119.
Lauren N. Gase Tony Kuo Elaine S. Lai Michael A. Stoll Ninez A. Ponce 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2016,12(1):105-126
Objective
This study sought to examine the impact of two Teen Courts operating in Los Angeles County, a juvenile justice system diversion program in which youths are judged by their peers and given restorative sentences to complete during a period of supervision.Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used to compare youths who participated in Teen Courts (n = 112) to youths who participated in another diversion program administered by the Probation Department (the 654 Contract program) (n = 194). Administrative data were abstracted from the probation records for all youths who participated in these programs between January 1, 2012 and June 20, 2014. Logistic and survival models were used to examine differences in recidivism, measured as whether the minor had any subsequent arrest or arrests for which the charge was filed.Results
Comparison group participants had higher rates of recidivism than Teen Court participants, after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and risk level. While the magnitude of the program effects were fairly consistent across model specifications (odd ratios comparing Teen Court [referent] to school-based 654 Contract ranging from 1.95 to 3.07, hazard ratios ranging from 1.62 to 2.27), differences were not statistically significant in all scenarios.Conclusions
While this study provides modest support for the positive impact of Teen Court, additional research is needed in order to better understand how juvenile diversion programs can improve youth outcomes.120.