A study of DNA transfers onto plastic packets placed in personal bags

The ability to detect low level DNA brings with it the uncertainty of whether the detected DNA is a result of transfer. To address this uncertainty, a simulation study was conducted in which a mock illicit drug packet was placed into the personal bags of individuals. When the average transit time of the packets was increased from around 2 h to more than 14 h, the percentage of the DNA profiles recovered from the packets which could be attributed to the individuals increased greatly from 5.3% to 48.6%. We found that drug packers who were poor shedders could not be included as contributors to the DNA profiles from the drug packets at all and there was a higher chance that individuals other than themselves could be included as contributors to the DNA profile recovered from drug packets. We also found that it was equally likely that the drug packers who had direct contact with the drug packets and bag owners who did not, could be included as contributors to the DNA profiles recovered from the packets. The results in this study highlight the importance of taking into consideration the transit time of drug packet, the shedder status of the alleged packer and the history of an item, when evaluating DNA evidence in the context of illicit drug activities.     

DEVELOPING LANGUAGE ACCURACY WITH ESP （LEGAL ENGLISH） COURSES TAUGHT IN NON- NATIVE SPEAKING ENVIRONMENTS

The article deals with the issue of linguistic accuracy in the broader context of teaching legal English. The development of any legal English syllabus should rely on the careful balancing of legal and linguistic emphases at every step and in every aspect of the course--from the preparatory stage of selecting learning materials to the final stages of language output. The commitment to this sort of balance is illustrated by means of accuracy-sensitive examples from the Anglo-American court practice and serves as the foundation in the development of in-class tasks and activities. Language instructors are to consistently guide the learners＇ progresses by providing the appropriate forms of activities and constant feedback. Teaching legal English in non-native speaking environment demands more attention to cultural issues. Defining all the elements of the course against learners＇ cultural background can facilitate the acquisition of legal and linguistic skills and prepare them for future encounters with other legal systems.     

治理河流污染的制度激励悖论分析

为了治理日益加剧的河流污染,从中央到地方都相应出台了各种激励措施,但是这些措施并未起到显著效果,却形成了制度激励悖论。排污企业与地方政府在经历了新政策出台初的短暂扰动后,恢复原有均衡。要打破这一均衡,必须改变博弈各方的收益结构、可选策略集以及信息结构等,才有望建立符合科学发展观的最优均衡。     

完善我国大型国有企业政府董事制度建设的途径

目前,我国大型国有企业改革的重点在于公司治理的完善,而其关键在于建设强大而有效的董事会,其中政府董事制度的建立是完善大型国有企业董事会建设的核心。本文提出了政府董事的概念,并分析了其在国有企业董事会中的职责,在此基础上以青岛啤酒股份有限公司为例探讨了我国大型国有企业政府董事制度建设的现状与存在的问题,进而提出了如何完善我国政府董事制度建设的途径。     

PRC Tort Liability Law Helps Protect Human Rights

The People＇s Republic of China Tort Liability Law, which was adopted at the Twelfth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People＇s Congress on December 26, 2009, became effective for implementation on July 1, 2010. Back in 2002, a draft of the law underwent initial examination by the NPC Standing Committee.     

福建检察研究与检察改革情况报告

一、检察研究的总体情况检察理论研究是做好检察工作的重要基础,近几年来,福建省检察机关全面系统地开展检察理论研究工作,为完善检察制度、强化法律监督、推进检察事业创造良好的理论环境。全省检察理论研究工作呈现出百花齐放、欣欣向荣的良好态势。     

论税权二元结构及其价值逻辑

目前学界关于税权概念存在着一些争拗,而税收债权论和社会契约论的引入和运用,有助于对税权内涵及其本质的深层解构。显然,税权作为国家税权力与纳税人税权利的统摄,并非仅仅是一种语义上的概括,而是税权力与税权利互为债权债务关系表里的必然,其主体不仅包括行使税权力的国家,还包括授权国家行使税权力的纳税人,而且始终以保障纳税人权利的良好实现为依归。本文试图运用税收债权债务论和社会契约论来分析税权的概念和内涵,澄清税权的外观结构与内在本质,进而揭示宪政语境下税权结构生成的价值逻辑。     

代理:体系整合与概念梳理——以公开原则为中心

公开原则是大陆法系代理制度的基础,其体现为显名代理与隐名代理。公开原则的意义在于克服意思表示理论上的障碍,使相对人知悉其交易的对方当事人,从而保护相对人的利益。我国法律中规定了显名代理和隐名代理,但《合同法》第402条对隐名代理的规定,其适用范围过分狭窄,未来其应当置于民法典总则当中。《合同法》第403条规定的不披露本人的代理虽然也符合公开原则,但其以违约行为为前提,未来应当继续规定在合同法分则中,不能适用代理的一般规则。我国法律中规定的代理性质上均为直接代理,关于代理的规范性质上为归属规范而非效力规范。