On the Nature of Tolerance: Dichotomous or Continuous?*

The purpose of this article is to reconsider the claim made recently by Mondak and Sanders that political tolerance ought to be thought to be a dichotomous rather than continuous variable. Using data from both Russia and the United States, I demonstrate that those Mondak and Sanders regard as uniquely tolerant are most likely no more than people who were given insufficient opportunity to express their intolerance. Even if such a phenomenon of “absolute tolerance” exists (all ideas expressed in all ways are to be tolerated), it is sufficiently rare that few practical implications are indicated for those doing empirical work on political tolerance and intolerance. * I appreciate the valuable comments of Jeffcry Mondak on an earlier version of this paper.     

浙江产业集群竞争力调查

本文运用产业集群的竞争力理论,根据实地问卷调查获得的大量数据,分别从要素条件、需求状况、产业关联和市场环境等四个方面分析了浙江产业集群的竞争力现状、存在的主要问题及其未来的发展方向.最后,就进一步提升浙江产业集群的竞争力问题,提出了一些相关的政策建议.     

关于西部地区新农村建设的几个问题及对策探析

西部地区是我国经济发展相对滞后的地区,也是我国新农村建设任务更加艰巨的地区。由于多方面的原因,西部地区的社会发展相对滞后,进一步提高农村生产劳动力、创造力和可持续发展能力问题,是建设社会主义新农村必须面对的一个重要课题。文章对西部地区农业产业化、农民组织化、农村劳动力转移、造就新型农村、村镇建设与环境整治等问题进行了分析,并提出了一些对策。     

经济稳定:宏观调控的首要和基本职责

随着经济社会的进步和政府社会责任的加大,宏观调控的目标也日益多样化。但是,宏观经济调控的首要和最为基本的职责是促进和保持宏观经济稳定。这种稳定不是政府职责的全部,但却是经济发展和社会进步的必需前提。面对金融市场和其他市场的巨大波动,政府的宏观调控应当毫不犹豫地承担起自己的职责。     

美国对外政策的驱动力:物质利益至上?

本文探讨了美国对外政策的驱动力问题。居于主流的"二元决定论"认为,美国对外政策的制定不仅受利益支配,而且在很大程度上受到理想主义价值诉求的影响;这种特殊的理想主义价值诉求建立在"美国例外论"的基础之上。本文试图证明,在看似相互交织的二元目标背后,美国对外政策和战略选择的本质是以物质利益为主导。在确保物质利益最大化的情况下,植根于"例外论"的价值观念对于美国对外政策的实际驱动作用微弱,难以构成独立影响外交政策的"一元"。     

论十六大的主旨与宪政的发展

十六大所确立的主题和基本内容 ,为建设以民主政治为核心的宪政国家指引了方向。十六大报告的主旨将在六个方面对宪政的发展产生影响 :小康社会初步奠定宪政的社会基础 ;扩大基层民主是宪政建设的立足点 ;完善财产制是对宪政经济基础的巩固 ;对权力的制约和监督以及推进司法体制改革是宪政必备的两个要素 ;解决“三农”问题和深化分配制度改革是宪政实施的社会环境保障。     

North Korea's Internet strategy and its political implications

Abstract

During recent years, the role of information technology in shaping politics and social movements in the digital age is drawing increasing scholarly attention. There is, however, little such literature on North Korea as the country remains almost completely cut off from the Internet. Since the mid-1990s, the DPRK government has strategically developed its information and communication technology and has subsequently built a domestic intranet. Although North Korea keeps a minimal presence on the web, there are signs that the country is taking small and cautious steps to allow some social elites to take advantage of the Internet in order to leapfrog its economic development. Indeed, a high-profile defector indicated that North Korea will most likely start allowing wider but limited internet access in the near future. This paper examines North Korea's intranet and Internet policies and explores their political implications by drawing upon first-hand data from Korean sources and existing literature as well as by juxtaposing the North Korean case with other communist regimes such as China and Cuba in terms of their attempts to control and manipulate the Internet. It shows that the DPRK government is likely to learn from the Chinese and Cuban experiences and adopt a ‘Mosquito-Net’ model in controlling the Internet in an effort to attract foreign investment while keeping out information deemed threatening by the regime.     

集体经济支撑、"保护型经纪"主导下的村庄治理——山东省临沂市刘团村经验对"建设社会主义新农村"的启示

在集体经济较为发达的村庄中是可以内生出村庄的"保护型经纪"的,而这种"保护型经纪"赖以存在的基础,并非来自自上而下的授权,而来自对村庄利益的忠诚和维护中所赢得的威信。这一现象的存在,无疑给正在进行的"社会主义新农村"建设一定的启示。     

法医学二代测序STR分型准确度与测序深度的关联性评估

目的利用实验数据对法医学二代测序STR分型测序深度与分型结果准确度的关联性进行评估。方法使用商业化基因组DNA制备单一来源和混合的DNA样本,以Thermo Fisher公司的25重早期测试试剂盒进行目的STR片段扩增,每种扩增产物分别使用4种不同的序列标签平行建库,并控制标记每一种序列标签的文库上机量依次占一张Ion 318芯片的1/4、1/8、1/16、1/32。经Ion PGMTM基因测序仪测序,以及Ion Torrent SuiteTM软件进行数据分析;同时对庞敬博等人发表的基于相同试剂盒和测序仪检测的95名中国汉族无关个体的6928条等位基因、影子峰和噪音序列进行测序深度统计分析,寻找测序深度与STR分型准确度的关联性。结果各基因座测序深度随文库上样量减少而呈明显下降趋势。对于单一来源样本,每张芯片上样不超过8个均一化文库可实现全部基因座的完整分型;对于1∶20比例的混合DNA,每张芯片上样不超过4个均一化文库时,未发现微量组分的等位基因丢失。人群数据测序深度统计显示,该体系基因座间存在不均衡性,有必要针对各基因座分别设定分析阈值参数。结论测序深度与法医学STR分型结果的准确性密切相关,各基因座最低测序深度与平均测序深度的比值可作为设定分析阈值的重要参考指标。本研究确定的单张芯片上样数量仅适用于本实验体系,但相关实验设计和方案可供其他实验体系开展类似工作参考。