司法行为及其选择的文化注释——以转型司法中的中国法官为例

转型司法中的中国法官,其司法行为不仅会受当下中国特定的社会--文化情境的影响,而且还更多地要受到一种"清官文化"的因素制约;也即在公共的法律生活中,其任何司法行为的做出,除了回应特定的社会--文化情境系统的要求之外,也更反映出了法官对自身名誉的特别爱惜以及对社会评价的特别注意,同时也是为了尽可能好地完成司法任务并尽可能少的给自己惹麻烦.正是在"清官文化"这一文化容器中,不仅社会--文化的情境性因素作用到了法官的身上,而且,也正是在这一文化的信仰网络里,达致了纠纷中的民众以及其他社会力量对于法官角色期待的均衡.     

全球产业转移与中国劳动力市场发展

中国当前劳动力过剩和劳动力不足现象同时存在,其原因主要在于低素质劳动力多而高素质劳动力少的结构性矛盾。本文试图通过对全球劳动力市场的发展变化和中国劳动力市场的分析,论证只有通过提高劳动力素质,主动承接发达国家逐渐外移的高新技术、金融、服务等对劳动力素质要求较高的产业,使中国在取得更大的全球产业竞争优势的同时,解决中国的劳动力问题。     

浅谈我国国有企业的委托代理体制改革

信息不对称引起委托代理问题。我国国有企业由于信息不对称也存在着委托代理问题。应当从国有企业的委托代理关系着手,研究国企中存在的严重的委托代理问题,提出规范国企的委托代理关系,建立并实施正确的国企委托代理体制是当前国企改革的根本措施。     

谈交通弱势群体的安全保障对策

交通弱势群体,是指交通参与者中自身安全保障性居于弱势的群体。长期以来,我国在交通政策制定、交通基础设施的规划与建设、运输工具的设计制造等方面,没有重视交通弱势群体的实际需求,造成了这部分人群的出行困难。根据交通弱势群体的交通特征,可通过管理、宣传、工程、公交等多项措施来切实保障他们的交通安全。     

Conceptualizing “Ethnicity” and “ethnic conflict”: A controversy revisited

The literature on “ethnicity” and “ethnic conflict” still fails to yield either definitional precision or usable empirical referents for the study of either phenomenon. This article offers a critique of the key literature on these subjects and a propositional inventory summarizing points of scholarly agreement, a discussion of the empirical problems that face scholars in this field, and, finally a general model for the analysis of particular ethnic conflicts, including consideration of the correlative tangents of resolution intervention.     

贵州黔南地区汉族人群18个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查贵州黔南地区汉族人群D5S818等18个基因座的遗传多态性。方法采用国产DNATyperTM19荧光标记试剂盒,获得1104名黔南地区汉族无关个体18个STR基因座的DNA分型,并应用统计软件计算等位基因的分布频率等群体遗传学数据。结果 18个STR基因座的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),杂合度(H)在0.622~0.915之间,匹配概率(Pm)在0.017~0.220之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.780~0.983之间,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.540~0.900之间,非父排除概率(PE)值在0.318~0.826之间。结论 18个STR基因座具有遗传多态性,在该地区汉族人群的多态性研究中具有较高的应用价值。     

论地方行政立法后评估中的合法性评价

如今地方行政立法的后评估既包含实效性分析,也包含了合法性评价。然而,合法性评价与合法性审查属不同的概念而不能简单移植。鉴于行政立法的合法性问题应在制定和实施阶段得以解决以及合法性评价在后评估中有被异化的可能,参考国外的实践并出于维护法制稳定的理念,可以认定合法性评价在地方行政立法后评估中的非必然性。     

The Influence of Case and Professional Variables on the Identification and Reporting of Child Maltreatment: A Study of Licensed Psychologists and Certified Masters Social Workers

All 50 states have laws requiring mental health and other professionals to report suspected maltreatment. Unfortunately, many professionals who are mandated to report suspicions of child maltreatment often fail to recognize potential maltreatment or fail to report their suspicions. The present study examines several factors that may influence identification and reporting of child maltreatment. Subjects were licensed psychologists in the Midwest and certified Masters social workers in Nebraska. Child maltreatment included neglect, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, and sexual abuse. Characteristics associated with the family or “case” (race, socioeconomic status of family, age of victim, type of maltreatment) were manipulated and presented in hypothetical case vignettes. Characteristics of the professional (e.g., training and experience with identification and reporting, personal history of maltreatment and violence) were also investigated. Ratings of the severity of the potential maltreatment situation, suspiciousness that maltreatment is occurring, and likelihood of reporting maltreatment were completed after reading each case vignette. The results indicate that a variety of case and professional factors may influence identification and reporting of maltreatment. Implications for training professionals and further research are discussed.     

Identification of potential juvenile offenders

Conclusion In this article, we have reviewed the guidelines, from the criminological prediction tradition, that should be followed while developing a screening device for the identification of potential juvenile offenders. We were also able to recognize an appropriate screening strategy for prevention, even if more validation studies have to be conducted. Screening of juvenile offenders should rest on multiple stages, informants, methods, and variable domains. In addition, it was not possible to identify a satisfactory instrument for prevention screening. The candidate devices all have significant methodological deficiencies. Also, it was not possible to identify the particular predictors to retain for screening, even if there is a large consensus about the variable domains that are most important. To summarize, there is much technical work still to be done before we can develop appropriate screening instruments for the identification of potential offenders. Some screening strategies and instruments are promising, but none can be recommended for immediate use to policy-makers and practitioners. The state-of-the-art for the identification of potential juvenile offenders is such that the research community can only indicate how to develop good screening instruments. The research for this article was commissioned by the Study Group on Serious/Violent/ Chronic Offenders of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice of the United States of America. This paper is an adaptation of a more comprehensive review on screening for that study group.