The relationship between participation and managerial autonomy in cuba's basic units of cooperative production: Six case studies

We are pleased to present the following reports on library resources written by Jiri Kende, Departmental Representative of the Social Science Division of the Freie Universitat in Berlin, West Germany, and Mr. Edward P. Kasinec, chief librarian of the New York Public Library's Slavonic Division. Similar reports on other special collections in various countries will be published in forthcoming issues. Mr. Kasinec has been commissioned to write a report on Soviet libraries, which we hope will appear in the next issue.     

基于下一代测序的全解析度STR分型研究进展与展望

下一代测序技术具有高通量、高速度、集成化、低成本等显著优势,近年来已在科研和临床诊断领域得到广泛应用,在法医遗传学领域亦具有重要应用前景。当前主流的STR分型方法仅关注序列的长度多态性,然而由于核心重复结构存在差异或扩增区段内存在SNP,序列长度相等的等位基因可能是具有遗传稳定性的完全不同的等位基因,此类STR序列多态性是个体识别或亲缘关系分析的宝贵资源。基于下一代测序的STR分型在现有数据输出方式基础上,允许进一步关注STR的序列多态性,对STR基因座进行全解析度分型,显著提升STR基因座的个体识别能力。本文以法医STR遗传标记和下一代测序技术为关注焦点,系统综述基于下一代测序的全解析度STR分型领域国际最新研究进展,深入探讨该技术在法医DNA实验室的实际应用潜力和可能面临的挑战,希冀对相关研究和实践提供参考。     

未保价快件限额赔偿格式条款效力之体裁检视

格式条款的效力问题一直是未保价快递赔偿纠纷中的焦点之一,我国学界对未保价快递格式条款已有实证研究成果,但是大部分实证研究缺乏系统性和综合性。文章基于自建的未保价快递案例数据库,以体裁分析为理论框架,对裁判文书进行了统计和分析,发现在认定未保价快递限额赔偿条款的效力时,法官在法律适用的逻辑上存在冲突,且在法条文本特定概念的解释方面存在争议;除适用法条之外,法官还适用事实推定规则来判定格式条款的效力,且在《中华人民共和国合同法》第39条是否为认定格式条款效力的必选语步方面存在分歧。基于上述发现,文章针对性地对各个问题进行了分析和阐释,并提出了相应的立法建议和实务解决路径,以期为完善快递立法、防止法官自由裁量权的滥用以及加强裁判文书说理的逻辑性和严密性提供参考价值。     

Robotic method for the analysis of morphine and codeine in urine.

A totally automated procedure has been developed for the detection and quantitation of morphine and codeine in urine case samples. The samples were initially screened for these drugs by a Syva EMIT Toxicology System (ETS). A Zymate laboratory robotic system confirms positive samples from Syva ETS by performing the hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatization of morphine and codeine. The derivatized morphine and codeine were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were experimentally optimized during method development. The automation of these procedures has proven to be reliable and efficient.     

判决书体裁互文性之鉴衡

在对体裁进行文献综述的基础上，本文界定了体裁的基本特点；通过对互文性不同视角的考察，拟采用Fairclough关于互文性的分类，进一步明确体裁互文性的内涵。本文首先提出体裁互文性在判决书中的普遍性为真实命题的假设，然后通过法理与实例分析予以论证，其研究的目的不仅在于现象性探讨，更重要的在于揭示法学的语言学研究方法对于法学发展的意义。     

Inter-observer error for area of origin analysis using FARO Zone 3D

In a bloodletting incident, the area of origin (AO) of an impact bloodstain pattern is crucial when establishing the sequence of events. The use of laser scanners and other three-dimensional (3D) technologies to document and analyse bloodstains have been the subject of previous papers, especially where AO analysis is concerned. FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D) is a relatively new software programme that can be used for bloodstain AO analysis. FZ3D requires a greater understanding of inter-observer errors associated with AO. This study looked at the inter-observer variation between 21 examiners when repeatedly calculating the AO six times for a single impact pattern on a plain white wall. An impact rig which consisted of a spring tension arm was positioned and fixed 45 cm from the X wall (right wall), and 45 cm from the Y wall (left wall). This experimental design resembles an impact blow for a bloodletting event. The AO was unknown to all examiners, making it a blind study. The collected results were documented in a Microsoft Excel datasheet and later analysed. From previous literature, a 30 cm acceptable allowance was utilised for AO analysis; however, there is currently no accepted standard error for this type of analysis. The overall total 3D mean error for all examiners was 5.62 cm. The maximum error for any one impact analysis was 24.27 cm. The variation of the data, which was collected by all examiners, was documented as X = 1.14 cm, Y = 1.24 cm, Z = 1.68 cm, and the total 3D error = 2.28 cm. The total 3D error for any one examiner and the variance between examiners did not exceed the 30 cm acceptable allowance utilised in previous literature.     

Citizenship and Surveys: Group Conflict and Nationality-of-Interviewer Effects in Arab Public Opinion Data

Political Behavior - More research than ever before uses public opinion data to investigate society and politics in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Ethnic identities are widely theorized...     

The impact of judges' perceptions of credibility in fibromyalgia claims

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a confusing and controversial diagnosis, characterized by widespread pain and tenderness at specific anatomical sites. The cause of this syndrome is unknown, and the course of the condition is difficult to predict. Without a known cause, predictable course, or effective treatment, it is not surprising that FM is a contentious diagnosis from a medical perspective, as well as a civil litigation and disability insurance industry perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate judges' perceptions of credibility in litigated cases involving FM claims in the Canadian courts, and the relation between perceived credibility and awards granted. A systematic review was conducted of every trial-by-judge litigated FM claim in Canada (N=194 cases) up to 2003. The cases were examined in relation to credibility factors. The role and responsibility of the plaintiff was central in claims involving issues of misrepresentation, fraud, non-disclosure, failure to mitigate, and contributory negligence. The presence of these issues suggested a possible decrease or loss in the claim as a result of the plaintiff's conduct. In regards to the actions of defendants, the presence of investigative and surveillance information alone did not affect the awards granted. However, the credibility of that information had a large effect on the amount of award granted. Plaintiff credibility played a similar role, indicating that plaintiffs perceived as more credible were typically granted greater awards. An examination of medical expert credibility revealed that judges appear to perceive experts as more credible overall than plaintiffs, regardless of the expert's role in the case.