Juvenile Criminality And Semi-Criminality: Learning From Victorian Perceptions And Responses

This article focuses on media reportage of offensive juveniles, past and present, to elicit lessons that the twenty-first century can learn from the Victorian past in terms of diversionary responses. How to prevent vulnerable juveniles sliding into dangerous criminality is a continuing preoccupation: the issue explored in this article relates to the creation of the identity of the criminal juvenile. In utilising the concept of semi-criminality to label certain types of juvenile anti-social behaviour the Victorians avoided actual criminalisation of socially offensive but, in legal terms, minor behaviours. The reasons for and negative consequences of the abandonment of this concept by the modern age are explored, including the reconceptualisation of where responsibility for juvenile offending lies in the modern era.     

Miscarriage of Justice? Postcolonial Reflections on the ‘Trial’ of the Maharajah of Baroda, 1875

This article revisits the Baroda Incident 1875, providing a detailed examination of the Enquiry or ‹trial’ for the first time, and locating that examination in the wider socio-cultural context of the nineteenth century British Empire (especially the Raj) and the exporting of the ‹British’/English legal culture to the Empire. The implications of the establishing of British principles of justice, including the value placed upon Indian-generated evidence and testimony by the courts, are explored, in order to establish the Baroda Incident as a significant miscarriage of justice. Using historical methodologies as well as postcolonial insights, it demonstrates that the concepts of justice on which the British prided themselves were intrinsincally racialised as well as gendered, with profound modern resonances. Dr. Judith Rowbotham is a Reader, School of Arts and Humanities, Nottingham Trent University.     

Competitive Liberalization,Competitive Imperialism,and Intellectual Property

Aggressive pursuit of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) by major and minor trading powers alike challenges the conventional wisdom in favor of such pursuit – competitive liberalization. An equally plausible explanation for an active bilateral and regional trade agreement policy, one which effectively de-emphasizes multilateralism, may be competitive imperialism. The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights is one area in which new provisions, going beyond multilateral rules, are being negotiated and written into FTAs and CUs. Such provisions may yield insights into which characterization of bilateralism and regionalism – competitive liberalization or competitive imperialism – is more apt. Rice Distinguished Professor, The University of Kansas, School of Law, Green Hall, 1535 West 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7577, USA. Tel. +1-785-8649224. Fax. +1-785-8645054. www.law.ku.edu. J.D., Harvard (1989); M.Sc., Oxford (1986); M.Sc., London School of Economics (1985); A.B., Duke (1984). Marshall Scholar (1984-86). Member, Council on Foreign Relations, Royal Society for Asian Affairs, and Fellowship of Catholic Scholars. Author, Modern GATT Law (Sweet & Maxwell 2005), International Trade Law: Theory and Practice (2nd ed. 2000, 3rd ed. forthcoming 2007-08), and Trade, Development, and Social Justice (Carolina Academic Press 2003). I am thankful to my Research Assistant, Mr. David R. Jackson (B.A., George Mason University, 1992; J.D. Class of 2007, University of Kansas), for his indispensable help on this work. I also am grateful to Dr. Mohammed El Said, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), for his consistent support and friendship, and for what he has taught and continues to teach me about international trade and intellectual property.     

浅析公务员职位轮换中存在的问题及对策

笔者认为,在我国地方现阶段实行公务员轮换的过程中,存在着诸如轮换周期不合理、随意轮换、离任审计不彻底、制度不健全等诸多问题,因而给政府工作带来一些负面效应。本文试图分析公务员职位轮换中存在的这些问题并寻求相应对策,以期达到实行公务员职位轮换应有的目的。     

欧陆刑罚改革成就与我国刑罚方法重构

一 德国学者耶林有言:刑罚乃双刃之剑,用之不当,国家与公民两受其害.近代以来,欧陆各国无不十分重视刑罚改革.事实上,欧陆各国在刑罚改革的理论与实践方面取得了巨大成就.这主要体现在以下几方面:     

构建警察信用——对我国目前警察信用状况的探讨

诚实信用是社会道德的基石。警察活动中可以有条件地允许利诱 ,有限制地使用带有欺骗性要素的侦查谋略。但警察行为具有一种社会示范作用 ,若侦查谋略使用不当 ,可能损害公民仅利 ,损害社会善良风俗 ,而且也会损害刑事司法效益甚至整个国家的信用体系。因此 ,警察信用原则应该在警察活动中得到贯彻实施。     

东莞模式:中国经济走向世界的成功尝试

东莞模式是对东莞经济发展道路的一种概括,主要指东莞充分发挥人缘、地缘、政策优势,以加工贸易为突破口,以外向型经济为主导,迅速实现农村工业化、产业现代化、经济国际化的经济发展模式.这是一种三赢模式,它不公使东莞赢得了在国际经济中的一席之地,而且使国际资本寻找到了一个低风险、高回报、较稳定的投资场所,同时,更为重要的,这是中国经济走向世界的成功尝试.东莞模式为我国加入WTO中国经济大规模地融入国际经济提供了许多有益的经验.