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51.
Timothy Steele 《耶鲁评论》2017,105(3):71-103
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Adaptive and Maladaptive Gatekeeping Behaviors and Attitudes: Implications for Child Outcomes After Separation and Divorce 下载免费PDF全文
Gatekeeping has been used as a theory and a measure to describe and assess family dynamics within the context of separation and divorce. In this article, we explore adaptive and maladaptive gatekeeping behaviors and attitudes that can affect the other parent's relationship with the child. Implications are presented for connecting adaptive and maladaptive gatekeeping responses to child outcomes of safety, well‐being, and positive parent–child relationships following separation and divorce. We build on the recent attention to gatekeeping as a potential framework within the child custody context. 相似文献
54.
Landor A Simons LG Simons RL Brody GH Gibbons FX 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):296-309
Research has documented a negative relationship between religion and risky sexual behavior. Few studies, however, have examined
the processes whereby religion exerts this effect. The present study develops and tests a model of various mechanisms whereby
parental religiosity reduces the likelihood of adolescents’ participation in risky sexual behavior (early sexual debut, multiple
sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use). Structural equation modeling, using longitudinal data from a sample of 612
African American adolescents (55% female), provided support for the model. The results indicated that parental religiosity
influenced adolescent risky sexual behavior through its impact on authoritative parenting, adolescent religiosity, and adolescent
affiliation with less sexually permissive peers. Some mediating mechanisms differed by the gender of the respondent, suggesting
a “double-standard” for daughters but not for sons. Findings also indicated the importance of messages about sexual behavior
that are transmitted to adolescents by their peers. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Tarditi CR Grahn RA Evans JJ Kurushima JD Lyons LA 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(Z1):S36-S46
Approximately 81.7 million cats are in 37.5 million U.S. households. Shed fur can be criminal evidence because of transfer to victims, suspects, and/or their belongings. To improve cat hairs as forensic evidence, the mtDNA control region from single hairs, with and without root tags, was sequenced. A dataset of a 402-bp control region segment from 174 random-bred cats representing four U.S. geographic areas was generated to determine the informativeness of the mtDNA region. Thirty-two mtDNA mitotypes were observed ranging in frequencies from 0.6-27%. Four common types occurred in all populations. Low heteroplasmy, 1.7%, was determined. Unique mitotypes were found in 18 individuals, 10.3% of the population studied. The calculated discrimination power implied that 8.3 of 10 randomly selected individuals can be excluded by this region. The genetic characteristics of the region and the generated dataset support the use of this cat mtDNA region in forensic applications. 相似文献
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Joel M. Caplan Leslie W. Kennedy Gohar Petrossian 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(3):255-274
We present a test of the crime-deterrent effect of police-monitored street-viewing CCTV cameras using viewsheds of areas that
were visible by cameras via direct line-of-sight and that were digitized using easily replicable methods, Google Maps, and
standard GIS tools. A quasi-experimental research design, using camera installation sites and randomly selected control sites,
assessed the impact of CCTV on the crimes of shootings, auto thefts, and thefts from autos in Newark, NJ, for 13 months before
and after camera installation dates. Strategically-placed cameras were not any different from randomly-placed cameras at deterring
crime within their viewsheds; there were statistically significant reductions in auto thefts within viewsheds after camera
installations; there were significant improvements to location quotient values for shootings and auto thefts after camera
installations. There was no significant displacement and there was a small diffusion of benefits, which was greater for auto
thefts than shootings. The system of cameras in Newark is not as efficient as it could be at deterring certain street crimes;
some camera locations are significantly more effective than others. Results of a system-wide evaluation of CCTV cameras should
not be the only basis for endorsing or contesting the use of CCTV cameras for crime control or prevention within a city. Future
research should test whether the effectiveness of CCTV cameras are dependent upon the micro-level attributes of environments
within which they are installed. 相似文献
59.
There has been relatively little change over recent decades in the methods used in research on self-reported delinquency.
Face-to-face interviews and self-administered interviews in the classroom are still the predominant alternatives envisaged.
New methods have been brought into the picture by recent computer technology, the Internet, and an increasing availability
of computer equipment and Internet access in schools. In the autumn of 2004, a controlled experiment was conducted with 1,203
students in Lausanne (Switzerland), where “paper-and-pencil” questionnaires were compared with computer-assisted interviews
through the Internet. The experiment included a test of two different definitions of the (same) reference period. After the
introductory question (“Did you ever...”), students were asked how many times they had done it (or experienced it), if ever,
“over the last 12 months” or “since the October 2003 vacation”. Few significant differences were found between the results
obtained by the two methods and for the two definitions of the reference period, in the answers concerning victimisation,
self-reported delinquency, drug use, failure to respond (missing data). Students were found to be more motivated to respond
through the Internet, take less time for filling out the questionnaire, and were apparently more confident of privacy, while
the school principals were less reluctant to allow classes to be interviewed through the Internet. The Internet method also
involves considerable cost reductions, which is a critical advantage if self-reported delinquency surveys are to become a
routinely applied method of evaluation, particularly so in countries with limited resources. On balance, the Internet may
be instrumental in making research on self-reported delinquency far more feasible in situations where limited resources so
far have prevented its implementation.
Sonia Lucia obtained a Master’s degree in criminology at the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Since 2003, she has been working on a project of juvenile delinquency in Switzerland and has been involved in an international project on juvenile delinquency [International Self-reported Delinquency-2 (ISRD2) study]. She is also working on a PhD thesis on bullying. Leslie Herrmann is trained in psychology and obtained a Master’s degree in criminology at the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Since 2004, she has been working on a project of juvenile delinquency in Switzerland. She is also working on a PhD thesis on the relationship between school and delinquency. Martin Killias is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Trained in law and sociology, he has published material in various areas of criminal law and criminology. His special interest is comparative research, such as the International Crime Victimization Survey, European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics and International Self-Reported Juvenile Delinquency Project. 相似文献
Sonia LuciaEmail: |
Sonia Lucia obtained a Master’s degree in criminology at the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Since 2003, she has been working on a project of juvenile delinquency in Switzerland and has been involved in an international project on juvenile delinquency [International Self-reported Delinquency-2 (ISRD2) study]. She is also working on a PhD thesis on bullying. Leslie Herrmann is trained in psychology and obtained a Master’s degree in criminology at the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Since 2004, she has been working on a project of juvenile delinquency in Switzerland. She is also working on a PhD thesis on the relationship between school and delinquency. Martin Killias is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Lausanne. Trained in law and sociology, he has published material in various areas of criminal law and criminology. His special interest is comparative research, such as the International Crime Victimization Survey, European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics and International Self-Reported Juvenile Delinquency Project. 相似文献
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