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141.
142.
Carl S. Bjerre 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2005,18(2):101-140
Mental capacity is a foundational concept in contract law, but the term is metaphorical, and a detailed analysis of three
representative judicial opinions shows that the explanations that courts give of the term are equally metaphorical. As such,
the term illustrates well the cognitivist view that abstract concepts arise through an imaginative but orderly projection
from the domain of bodily and social experience. Legal Realists such as Felix Cohen condemned metaphors for their supposed
failure to constrain judges, but recent empirical work suggests that metaphorical thinking is indeed constrained, and accordingly
thinkers such as Cohen would probably in fact have welcomed cognitive analysis of law, both for its methods and for its substantively
progressive disposition.
*I am grateful to Andrea Coles-Bjerre, Mark Johnson, Jim Mooney, and Steve Winter for insightful comments on a draft of this
article, to Stephen Morse for insightful commentary at a panel of the International Congress on Law and Mental Health in Amsterdam,
and to participants at the International Roundtables for the Semiotics of Law in Lyon, the American Association of Applied
Linguistics in Portland, and the Association for the Study of Law, Culture and the Humanities in Austin. For much-appreciated
editorial support I thank Sophie Cacciaguidi-Fahy and Anne Wagner, and for financial support I thank the Luvaas Faculty Fellowship
Endowment Fund. 相似文献
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Emily Niespodziewanski M.A. Carl N. Stephan Ph.D. Pierre Guyomarc'h Ph.D. Todd W. Fenton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(1):134-140
This research examines the utility of patella outline shape for matching 3D scans of patellae to knee radiographs using elliptical Fourier analysis and subjective methods of human visual comparison of patellae across radiographs for identification purposes. Repeat radiographs were captured of cadaver's knees for visual comparison before patellae were extracted and skeletonized for quantitative comparisons. Quantitative methods provided significant narrowing down of the candidate pool to just a few potential matches (<5% of original sample), while the human analysts showed high capacity for correctly matching radiographs, irrespective of educational level (positive predictive value = 99.8%). The successful computerized matching based on a single quantified patella trait (outline shape) helps explain the potency achieved by subjective visual examination. This work adds to a growing body of studies demonstrating the value of single isolated infracranial bones for human identification via radiographic comparison. 相似文献
148.
Amanda O. Fisher‐Hubbard M.D. Kilak Kesha M.D. Francisco Diaz M.D. Chantel Njiwaji M.D. PaoLin Chi M.D. Carl J. Schmidt M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1541-1545
The Valsalva maneuver is used in clinical medicine for the diagnosis and/or treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. It can also be used in activities of daily living, such as defecation. Due to the cardiovascular effects produced during the Valsalva maneuver, it may be contraindicated in certain medical conditions and could be a trigger of sudden cardiac death. The incidence and prevalence of death following Valsalva maneuver in the presence of underlying cardiovascular disease, or “commode cardia,” has not been examined. In 2012, the Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office (Detroit, MI) investigated 21 deaths that occurred on the toilet, fourteen of which were due to cardiovascular disease. In another 31 deaths in the bathroom due to cardiovascular disease, the possibility that the decedent defecated immediately prior to death could not be excluded. Hence, the incidence of commode cardia in this population ranges from 2.3 to 7.4% of all cardiovascular‐related deaths. 相似文献
149.
Carl K. Li 《Japan Forum》2016,28(4):413-438
This article analyzes the science fiction (SF) manga 7 Billion Needles in order to show how an overt visual and narrative emphasis on character emotions and psychology can contribute to science fiction's political potential by emphasizing the similarities between dialogue as a form of emotional therapy and the act of exploring alternative environments. This article also demonstrates how science fiction manga provides a template by which character emotion can become so integrated into the SF narratives and worlds that emotion itself becomes ‘science fictional’. 相似文献
150.
Change in perspective between antemortem and postmortem imaging sessions (radiograph to radiograph and surface scan to radiograph) may cause different 2D renderings of the same osseous element complicating comparisons for identification. In this study, clavicle shape changes due to radiographic positioning and 3D laser scanning were examined in 20 right‐side specimens, as pertinent to chest radiograph comparisons. Results indicate substantial changes in clavicle form with short source‐to‐image receptor distance, elevation of the element from the image receptor, and movement of the element away from the center beam (10% mean square for shape). Although quantitative shape differences were small when the clavicle was in close opposition to the image receptor (3% mean square), important qualitative differences remained with large distances from the center beam (e.g., conoid tubercle presence/absence). The significance of these results for image superimposition and computer‐automated‐shape‐based searches of radiographic libraries to find matching candidates is discussed. 相似文献