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91.
Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis 下载免费PDF全文
Chong Zhou M.B.B.S. Andrea J. Yool Ph.D. Roger W. Byard M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(3):681-685
Basal vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells is a useful postmortem marker for ketoacidosis. To investigate its incidence and relationship to the severity of ketoacidosis, 158 autopsy cases with elevated β‐hydroxybutyrate (>1 mmol/L) over a 7‐year‐period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty‐eight cases (43%) exhibited basal vacuolizations (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.16–29.35 mmol/L, mean 10.28 mmol/L), and 90 cases (57%) did not (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.03–13.7 mmol/L, mean 2.84 mmol/L). Quantitative analysis revealed on average a fourfold elevation in β‐hydroxybutyrate in cases with basal vacuolizations compared to those without; 10.3% of cases with β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations between 1.01 and 2.00 mmol/L had basal vacuolizations, and this incidence increased to 33.3% with concentrations between 4.01 and 6.00 mmol/L. A marked increase in incidence to >70% was observed with concentrations >6.00 mmol/L, and basal vacuoles were invariably present (100%) with concentrations >14.01 mmol/L. This study demonstrates that basal vacuolizations are a sensitive marker for significant ketoacidosis and reaffirms its use as an indicator for likely cases of fatal ketoacidosis at autopsy. 相似文献
92.
Jeffrey James Lynch M.Sc. Carrie Brown Ph.D. Andrea Palmiotto Ph.D. Heli Maijanen Ph.D. Franklin Damann Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(1):171-174
Forensic casework from past‐conflicts relies on the corrected historical Trotter data for stature estimation in Fordisc. For roughly 10 years’, stature estimation using this data has produced point estimates for the tibia that are on average 1.25 inches less than the other long bones. This issue was identified after applying the equations derived from Fordisc to the USS Oklahoma commingled assemblage. Reevaluation of Fordisc revealed that a correction factor of 20 mm, instead of 10 mm, was mistakenly applied to the Trotter tibia data. Historical forensic anthropology reports written at the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency were utilized to identify that the overcorrection is isolated to Fordisc 3 with an error rate of 5% of known antemortem statures falling outside of the prediction intervals that relied on the tibia. Further evaluation of the Oklahoma sample indicates the 10 mm correction is still producing point estimates less than the other long bones. 相似文献
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Saverio Giampaoli Ph.D. Elisabetta DeVittori M.Sc. Federica Valeriani Ph.D. Andrea Berti Ph.D. Vincenzo Romano Spica M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(1):192-196
The identification of vaginal fluids in forensic examinations plays an important role in crime scene reconstruction. Molecular detection of vaginal bacterial communities can lead to the correct discrimination of body fluids. These kinds of studies can be performed through multiplex real‐time PCR using primers for a specific selection of bacteria. The availability of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) protocols provided for the extension of the analysis to evaluate the prokaryotes present in specimens. In this study, DNA was extracted from 18 samples (vaginal, oral, fecal, yoghurt) and analyzed by real‐time PCR and NGS. The comparison between the two approaches has demonstrated that the information developed through NGS can augment the more conventional real‐time PCR detection of a few key bacterial species to provide a more probative result and the correct identification of vaginal fluid from samples that are more forensically challenged. 相似文献
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Chong Zhou M.B.B.S. Andrea J. Yool Ph.D. Roger W. Byard M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(4):921-925
Armanni–Ebstein lesions (AEL) occur in deaths related to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. To investigate the relationship between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia, we retrospectively reviewed 71 cases with vitreous glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/L; 27 (38%) cases had AEL (vitreous glucose 14.0–77.3 mmol/L); and 44 cases (62%) did not (vitreous glucose 11.1–91.9 mmol/L). There was no significant difference (p = 0.271) in vitreous glucose levels between the cases with AEL (mean 39.2, SD 16.7 mmol/L) and those without (mean 34.2, SD 19.8 mmol/L). Similarly, there was no difference in the degree of dehydration, renal failure, or osmolality. However, there was a significantly higher level of β‐hydroxybutyrate among the cases with AEL compared to those without (p = 0.007), suggesting that ketoacidosis may facilitate the development of AEL. Given the possible synergistic role of β‐hydroxybutyrate, the correlation between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia in animal studies may not be applicable to humans. AEL may also possibly occur with sublethal elevations in glucose. 相似文献
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Commentary on: Intarapanich NP,McCobb EC,Reisman RW,Rozanski EA,Intarapanich PP. Characterization and comparison of injuries caused by accidental and non‐accidental blunt force trauma in dogs and cats. J Forensic Sci 2016 Jul;61(4):993–9. 下载免费PDF全文
98.
Andrea Lange 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(1):47-55
Human trafficking is a complex global and national crime problem harming victims physically, psychologically, and financially.
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), Pub. La 106–386, and subsequent reauthorizations, provide assistance
and benefits to foreign born victims of labor or sexual human trafficking who are here in the United States. The strategies
used to encourage victims to come forward were modeled on those used in the anti- domestic violence (DV) and child protection
movements. These include initiatives alerting the public to domestic violence situations through awareness campaigns to increase
tips as well as calls for service to police. Other public service initiatives urge victims themselves to self-identify by
calling 1-800 numbers. While these techniques have shown success in reducing incidences of domestic violence and providing
help to victims, their use to combat sex trafficking has not produced the same level of results. This note explores the challenges
for immigrant women victims to self-identify as trafficking victims and urges that evidence-based research is needed to determine
the efficacy of a national call center approach. 相似文献
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Determining the cause for the sudden death in young adults tends to be complex and difficult. Two cases of death of young people were autoptically investigated who died suddenly while carrying out their hobbies (a 22-year-old male musician and a 20-year-old female dancer). In both cases neither the police investigation, the autopsy, nor the toxicological investigations gave any relevant results. However, when investigating the histology fatty and fibrotic tissue in the right ventricle of the myocardium were found, whereas the myocytes proved to be degenerated--typical for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). It is important to consider the possibility of heart rhythm failure if a clear reason for sudden death in young adults cannot be detected. Heart rhythm failure often involves the genetic background of the case, which suggests that genetic analysis should be carried out as a supportive means of diagnostics. 相似文献