Poppy seed ingestion as a contributing factor to opiate-positive urinalysis results: the Pacific perspective.

The possible contribution of poppy seed foods to positive opiate urinalysis results, especially from foods available in the Pacific Rim area, has recently become an issue for the U.S. Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory in Hawaii. To assess the likelihood of this possible contribution, seven different poppy seed food products were consumed by male and female volunteers, and urine specimens were collected at time increments up to either 24 or 72 h. Specimens were evaluated for opiates using Roche Abuscreen radioimmunoassay (RIA), and all RIA positive specimens were analyzed for morphine and codeine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Poppy seed cake, bagels, muffins, and rolls did not contain sufficient quantities of poppy seeds to give rise to opiate positive specimens by U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) GC-MS cutoff levels (morphine = 4000 ng/mL, codeine = 2000 ng/mL), although a number of specimens were positive by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) cutoff levels (morphine and codeine = 300 ng/mL). However, ingestion of poppy seed streusel or Danish pastry led to confirmed morphine and codeine positive specimens, irrespective of the use of DOD or NIDA confirmation cutoff values. In addition, significant amounts of codeine were observed in a number of these specimens. These findings argue against the unqualified application of previously published quantitative guidelines for eliminating poppy seed ingestion as a possible cause for a positive opiate urinalysis result.     

以色列教育发展与现代化

以色列从一个资源贫乏的弹丸小国一跃发展成为中东非产油国家中现代化程度最高和最富裕的国家,主要源于以色列人对教育的执着追求。以色列成功实现现代化的深层次原因在于它坚定不移、一以贯之地实施教育兴国的现代化发展战略。教育为加速进行工业化提供了重要的动力源泉,为实现农业现代化奠定了物质基础,最终推动了人的素质的现代化。以色列坚持教育兴国战略的经验,值得发展中国家借鉴。     

限于青少年期型反社会行为的发展特点研究

根据反社会行为纵向发展的持续性或稳定性，可将其划分为限于青少年期型和持续终生型两类。限于青少年期型反社会行为的发生具有普遍性，但这种普遍性并不代表严重性；在发展趋势上，这类行为较集中地开始于青春期，停止于成年前后，缺乏贯穿儿童期、青春期至成年期的持续性。研究表明，个体在青少年时期出现反社会行为是一种群体性社会现象，并不代表个人程度的越轨，限于青少年期型反社会行为并不是犯罪预防的重点。我们应正确认识这类行为的性质，以对之采取适当的干预措施。     

新时期中越关系的坚实基础

1991年11月中越《联合公报》指出,两国发展睦邻友好关系的基础是和平共处五项原则,这是我国同所建交国发展关系最根本的原则,     

居安思危——苏共亡党的历史教训8集DVD教育参考片解说词(续)

第五集 苏共的特权阶层 1988年秋天,位于莫斯科格拉诺夫斯基大街2号的一家商店门前,突然聚集起成百上千的人,一家不大的商店,为什么能产生如此大的新闻效应,引起如此多的人们关注呢?     

新生大鼠大脑皮质神经元原代培养方法的建立及其活性鉴定

采用倒置相差显微镜、环境扫描电子显微镜对新生24 h内SD大鼠大脑皮质原代培养的神经元进行了形态学观察,建立了大脑皮质神经元原代培养方法。应用2.5μg/mL阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)对培养3 d的神经元进行24 h干预,去除神经胶质细胞、成纤维细胞、神经干细胞等杂质细胞,以提高神经元产率;用Nissl’s染色法进行神经元鉴定;利用微量滴定(MTT)法测定了一个培养周期(约10 d)的神经元活性分布。光学显微镜观察结果表明,培养至第4 h绝大多数神经元已贴壁生长,胞体上可见1~2个细小突起;培养至第3 d、第6 d时,Nissl’s染色结果显示,加Ara-C能显著提高神经元纯度(≥92%);MTT结合形态学观察结果表明,神经元培养至第6 d时活性最强,细胞呈卵圆形、蜘蛛状、锥体状等多种形态,细胞胞体饱满,光晕明显,神经网络形成完整。     

广西与东盟高校之间的合作与交流——对人才培养模式、专业与课程设置的探讨分析

一、引言自从中国与东盟签署了《中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议》,决定到2010年建成中国—东盟自由贸易区,就为双方全方位合作带来广阔的前景。广西因其地理位置而成为中国—东盟自由贸易区的“桥头堡”,且我国在加入W TO后,教育的对外开放得到了进一步扩大,广西地处西部地区,又有国家给予的相对优惠的政策,因此,广西必须抓住机遇,迎接挑战。“科学技术是第一生产力”,在全球经济一体化的趋势下,发展高新技术产业越来越成为各国经济发展的重点,而科技又是以教育,尤其是高等教育为重心的。高等教育是所有国家,不论是发达国家还是发展中国…     

China-U. S. Economic and Trade Relations

Sino-U. S. economic and trade relations as the most important and dynamic component of bilateral ties have evolved into the stabilizer, pillar and driving force for cementing the linkage between the two capitals. Their furtherance along the designated line of treating a "stake holder" and handling a "constructive partnership" will carry an ever-ballooning strategic significance even in diplomatic and security terms. Nevertheless the general trend looks set to be incessant progress amidst reciprocal accommodation in disregard of occasional twists and turns.     

SCHOOLS AS COMMUNITIES: THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMMUNAL SCHOOL ORGANIZATION,STUDENT BONDING,AND SCHOOL DISORDER*

Research has indicated that school factors such as communal school organization and student bonding are predictive of school disorder, with greater communal organization and greater student bonding leading to less delinquency and victimization. Data from a nationally representative sample of 254 public, nonalternative, secondary schools were used to examine structural equation models representing hypothesized relationships among communal school organization, student bonding, and school disorder. The hypothesis that communally organized schools would have less disorder held true for teacher victimization and student delinquency, but not for student victimization. In addition, the hypothesis that the relationship between communal school organization and school disorder would be mediated by student bonding was supported for student delinquency, but not for teacher victimization.     

第二性,民主——关于民主地位的反思

民主在中国备受关注,对民主地位的理解常有对立。本文基于对中国现当代历史事实的反思,循唯物史观原理,论证了"第二性,民主"。提出:民族高于民主,民生高于民主,发展高于民主。民主进步的合理性不能仅由民主自身定,而应置于社会整体发展的参照系中观察。中国共产党提出"坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一",是中国现代化进程中民主政治建设的绩优框架,它是中国经验的总结,也是对西方民主理念进行"颠覆"性"落实"的后现代思维。