WINNING COALITIONS AND ETHNO-REGIONAL POLITICS: THE FAILURE OF THE OPPOSITION IN THE 1990 AND 1995 ELECTIONS IN COTE D'IVOIRE

Why is that former dominant or single party regimes, especiallythose in Africa, have generally survived and even emerged strengthenedafter the introduction of multi-party competitive elections?In Côte d'lvoire since 1990 the ruling party has beenable to win elections by using incumbency to present itselfas the organization most likely to be capable of putting togethera winning coalition. In a society segmented by a multiplicityof cultural and religious divisions and where political poweris a zero-sum game, the logic of democratic representation meansthat no group can afford to be excluded. Yet in the 1990 and1995 Ivorian elections .the opposition attacked die ethnic characterof the government and deliberately mobilized ethnic minorities,regional and religious (Islamic) sentiments. They thereforefailed to escape, in electoral terms, from their extremely localizedstrongholds. Their attempt to mobilize around an anti-foreignerplatform in 1990 rebounded in 1995 when the government itselftook over their ‘ultra-nationalist’ stance by excludingnon-Ivorians from the elections. The consequent exclusion ofthe opposition's favoured Presidential candidate and the failureof the opposition alliance to agree on a non-northern, non-Islamicalternative candidate led to a violent boycott and the eventualcollapse of the opposition alliance.     

出入境法律制度与北京奥运安全

安全问题始终是所有奥运主办城市面对的核心问题。从世界范围来看,奥运举办国家对出入本国国境的活动进行了有效的控制和防范,这是保障国家安全和奥运安全的第一步。我国现行出入境法律制度能否适应这一历史要求,为2008年北京奥运提供安全、完善的社会法制环境?如何完善出入境领域的立法、加强执法以保障奥运安全?本文在深入调研基础上,对出入境领域的立法、执法现状中存在的问题进行了深入研究,并提出了相应的对策。     

Examining the empirical relationship between prison crowding and inmate misconduct: A meta-analysis of conflicting research results

Incarceration rates in the United States dramatically increased over the past several decades. This trend has drawn significant academic attention to prison overcrowding and its potential effect on inmate misconduct. The empirical relationship between inmate misconduct and overcrowding, however, is less than clear. To be sure, studies indicating positive, negative, and null relationships can all be found in the literature. The current research subjects this body of literature to a meta-analysis in an effort to: (1) clarify the direction and strength of the relationship between overcrowding and rates of prison misconduct across all studies, and (2) to uncover the degree to which variation in research outcomes can be attributed to methodological differences across studies. Results indicate that prison crowding has little substantive impact on inmate misconduct. Implications of the findings are discussed in detail.     

我国专利法对职务发明规定之不足与完善——由一起专利纠纷案引发的思考

我国专利法对职务发明及其判断标准的规定存在若干不足,特别是在立法指导思想和具体法律条文的设置方面存有不合理的地方,不利于促进科技进步,需要加以修改。建议立法树立契约优先的原则,尊重当事人对职务发明的权属和利益分配进行约定,改变职务发明与非职务发明“二分法”的形式,严格单位对职务发明的举证责任要求,并从主要利用单位物质技术条件、发明人离职、转职和奖励措施等方面对专利法进行完善。     

难道是恩格尔系数在“忽悠”人吗？

一恩格尔系数是根据恩格尔定律得出的比例数。其计算公式如下:恩格尔系数=食物支出金额/总支出金额。1857年,普鲁士统计学者恩斯特·恩格尔(Ernst Engel)在对大量家庭的预算开支数据进行了统计分析的基础之上,向世人阐明了一个定律:随着收入的增加,用于食品的支出在收入中所占的比重越来越小。也就是说,食品的需求收入弹性是非常低的。因此,一个国家(或一个家庭)在食品上的支出所占其收入比重的大小标志着这个国家(这个家庭)的富裕程度,较富裕的国家的食品支出在其收入中所占的比重小于较贫穷的国家。这一定律被称为恩格尔定律。恩格尔定律…     

构建和谐社会要抓住统筹城乡发展这一关键

和谐社会包括城乡社会发展的和谐,现实中存在的城乡差距是影响和制约和谐社会建设的重要因素。造成城乡差距的原因是多方面的,构建和谐社会,要抓住统筹城乡发展这一关键。不仅要加大对“三农”的支持和保护力度,深入推进体制创新,彻底打破城乡分割的二元经济社会结构,还要加强农村精神文明建设,为农村发展、农业增效和农民增收提供有力的精神支撑。     

Observations of high velocity bloodspatter on adjacent objects

In a recent homicide investigation, high velocity backspatter was observed on the sleeve cuff of the accused. These minute droplets were discovered only after microscopic examination and were limited in number. A study was initiated to determine if these were truly backspatter droplets or transferred blood produced from light contact with a bloody item. It was observed that the backspattered blood was primarily limited to contact or near contact shots. An exception was a shot into an already bloody surface. It was found that backspattered blood would deposit on the shooter's shirt sleeve irrespective of the weave pattern. Transferred blood was observed only on the fiber tops. This information was found to be useful in reconstruction of events in suicides as well as possible homicides.     

在学校开展保持共产党员先进性教育活动动员大会上的讲话

同志们: 今天,按照自治区党委、公安厅党委及高教工委的安排部署,我们在这里召开我校保持共产党员先进性教育活动动员大会,主要任务是:认真贯彻《中共中央关于在全党开展以实践“三个代表”重要思想为主要内容的保持共产党员先进性教育活动的意见》《中共新疆维吾尔自治区委员会关于在全区共产党员中认真开展保持先进性教育活动的安排意见》要求和中央保持共产党员先进性教育活动工作会议精神,对我校即将全面展开的保持共产党员先进性教育活动进行全面动员和具体部署。为了在我校扎实有效、求真务实地开展好保持共产党员先进性教育活动,努力实现党中央关于开