女大学生就业“难”问题审视与改善对策

女大学生就业"难"主要表现为:就业机会"难"与理想持平,求职过程"难"获尊重礼遇,薪资待遇"难"与能力对应,工作地位"难"与男生平等。性别刻板印象的存在、人才培养模式的滞后、相关保障措施的乏力、社会责任意识的欠缺、女性生理心理的特征是导致女大学生就业"难"的主要原因。坚持以人为本,营造女大学生就业氛围;完善保障政策,保护女大学生就业权益;优化培养结构,增强女大学生就业能力;履行社会责任,保障女大学生就业岗位;强化自强意识,拓展女大学生就业空间等,有利于改善女大学生就业"难"问题。     

“零容忍”反腐败:内涵、特征与进路

本文在研究"零容忍"反腐败的内涵和特征以及借鉴新加坡和香港"零容忍"反腐败的基础上,提出"零容忍"反腐败的进路思考。"零容忍"反腐败要建立一套完整有效的法律制度,形成一支坚强有力的执行队伍,加强执行权威,建构一个公民参与的、广泛细化的反腐败网络,也要通过反腐败教育提高公民反腐败意识和公务员廉洁奉公的情操。     

CYP450在大鼠肝内氯胺酮N-去甲基代谢中的作用

目的考察细胞色素P450(CYP450)亚型酶在大鼠肝内氯胺酮N-去甲基代谢中的作用。方法选择CYP450亚型酶的专属性诱导剂β-萘黄酮、苯巴比妥钠、利福平、异烟肼和地塞米松,腹腔给药对实验大鼠肝微粒体进行诱导;考察经诱导后的各组肝微粒体氯胺酮N-去甲基代谢速率。选择CYP450专属性抑制剂α-萘黄酮、磺胺甲恶唑和奥美拉唑、硫酸奎宁和酮康唑,对大鼠空白肝微粒体进行体外抑制;考察各组氯胺酮N-去甲基代谢速率。上述结果分别与对照组进行比较。结果经苯巴比妥钠和地塞米松诱导,氯胺酮代谢速率有显著性变化(P<0.05～0.001),去甲氯胺酮的生成速率分别是对照组的2.3～4.6倍和1.4～1.9倍,其余诱导剂对氯胺酮代谢无影响。经酮康唑作用,氯胺酮的代谢产生显著抑制(P<0.001),N-去甲基活性为对照组的47.20%～28.97%,其余抑制剂对氯胺酮代谢无影响。结论CYP450亚型酶中CYP2B和CYP3A参与了氯胺酮N-去甲基代谢,氯胺酮可能在体内与上述酶底物发生相互作用。     

缅甸:2013 年发展回顾与 2014 年展望

2013年,缅甸政府重点提高治理能力,清除腐败,增加透明度,取得了一定成效.昂山素季积极推动修宪,准备参加2015年大选;西方国家对缅甸的投资有所增加.但缅甸政府仍然面临着民族和解、教派冲突和修改宪法等关键问题的挑战.     

Chinese Eastern Industrial Zone in Ethiopia: unpacking the enclave

Abstract

This paper examines China’s engagement with Africa through economic zones (EZs). It moves beyond the conceptualisation of EZs as undifferentiated enclaves of foreign investment to a dynamic perspective on the locally negotiated process of zone development. Such a perspective entails critical unpacking of the specific zone regime to understand the diverse and evolving relationships among different state and non-state actors. Drawing upon empirical research on the Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ) in Ethiopia, we explore the complex process of learning and adaptation by government, developers, investors, and workers throughout the development of a zone regime, with specific attention to capital–labour and expatriate–local relations. We find that despite the EIZ being a state-level cooperation project, private Chinese developers work diligently with the Ethiopian government to improve the institutional support for EZs. Chinese investors also collectively generate a management regime to enhance their overseas operational capacity and experiment with various tactics to transform local recruits into an industrial workforce. Local workers, with limited protection by official labour unions, turn to individual- and group-based agency to improve their working conditions. Despite the momentum created by multiple stakeholders, there are concerns regarding the long-term contributions of EZs to engender sustained industrial transformation and skills development.     

Internal capabilities,external structural holes network positions,and knowledge creation

Social network theory suggests that firms bridging structural holes by connecting disconnected partners in a network benefit from timely access to diverse knowledge. However, the existing literature reports mixed evidence with regard to the performance implications of this view. Our study examines how a firm’s diverse knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities affect knowledge creation when a firm bridges multiple structural holes in an inter-firm network. The model is tested on a sample of 191 firms in high-technology industries. The dependent variable, knowledge creation, was measured by the number of patents generated. Results show that when a firm spans multiple structural holes, its diverse technological knowledge facilitates knowledge creation. However, when a firm already possesses well-developed knowledge acquisition capabilities, spanning structural holes reduces knowledge creation. This paper suggests that internal knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities determine the impacts of external network positions on firm knowledge creation. It provides implications on how a firm best capitalizes on external network positions.     

创新政府维护社会稳定的工作机制思路

社会的和谐发展需要稳定的秩序,后金融危机时期不确定不稳定因素仍然很多,政府需要积极寻求更有效措施预防和化解各种不稳定因素。本文主要从机制的建立完善入手,从而提高政府维护社会稳定工作的能力。     

论我国石油天然气安全及其法律保障体系的构建

石油天然气是现代国家经济发展、社会进步的物质基础,保障其安全成了一个世界性话题。传统的石油天然气安全观只注重经济安全,而忽视了环境安全和资源安全,应当从可持续发展理论的角度对石油天然气的安全问题重新界定,审视和构建符合新时代背景下的石油天然气安全法律保障体系。     

论新农村建设中的财政政策调整与机制创新

社会主义新农村建设作为我国解决“三农”问题的重要举措,必须得到政府的财政支持。但是,我国财政支农工作目前尚存在总量不足、结构失衡、配套资金投入渠道不畅、未充分利用WTO规则和管理体制混乱等问题,未能适应我国新农村建设的需要。因而,必须在财政支农工作的增长机制、引导机制、支出结构、管理体制和金融信贷支持等方面进行必要的政策调整与机制创新。     

Decomposition of embodied exergy flows in manufactured products and implications for carbon tariff policies

This article uses the concept of embodied exergy as metrics in designing incentive policy instruments to tackle the inefficiency of energy operations. Based on the second law of thermodynamics and energy’s economic properties as both a private commodity and a public good, it maintains that energy can be measured by separating the useful exergy embodied in a manufactured product from its waste exergy (anergy) as emissions and sunk wastes in a production process. It is rational to benchmark the content of useful exergy embodied in products for any incentive policy design to encourage green production. This article uses trade data between China, Japan and the EU countries to compare the embodied exergy and waste exergy embodied in traded manufactured products. It proposes using a negative value-added tax as an incentive instrument instead of full-scale carbon tariffs to encourage green production and to fence against carbon evasion behaviour.