Marine taphonomy: adipocere formation in a series of bodies recovered from a single shipwreck.

Taphonomy of marine environments has been studied mostly from individual cases. The formation of adipocere, or "grave-wax," is an important indicator of the postmortem interval. In the present paper, the conditions and the timing of adipoceric formation are observed in a series of 15 cadavers recovered at different times, over a period of 433 days, from the same contained environment. Initial foci of adipocere on the subcutaneous tissue of the cadavers were detected as early as 38 days from the time of immersion in cold (10-12 degrees C) sea water. The discrepancies between our findings and previous reports on the correlation between time since death and decomposition stages in marine environments are discussed.     

检察权运行效用评估体系的法理构建——布莱克“司法社会学”及其启示

根据布莱克的司法社会学理论，作为司法权的检察权在运行中势必遵循一系列宏观定量公理，生产一系列微观社会结构，并且力求二者在和谐社会的理想境态中达成统一。在当代中国语境下，对检察权运行效用的法理评估应以“和谐法治”为轴心，以社会主义法治理念为指引，并结合当今中国检察改革的实际需求，全面科学地予以建构。     

中国在抗战中的大国崛起及其历史启示

中国抗战艰苦卓绝的坚持,不仅对正义世界做出了贡献,同时也赢得了国际形象与大国地位.     

建国以来中国共产党制度建设的历史考察

从建国之初至十一届三中全会以前,中国共产党对制度建设进行了初步和有益的探索,但由于没能形成经常化和制度化,致使这几十年的探索历经曲折.以邓小平为核心的中央领导集体高度重视制度建设,他们认真反思"文化大革命"的教训,并从肃清封建遗毒出发对制度建设进行了许多开创性的工作.以江泽民为核心的中央领导集体在强调制度改革的同时要进行创新,在执政党建设的途径和方法上,坚持把思想建设、组织建设和作风建设有机结合起来,制度建设则贯穿其中.以胡锦涛为核心的新一届中央领导集体明确提出要逐步建立健全以党章为核心的党内制度体系,着力提高制度的科学性、系统性和权威性,做到用制度管权、管事、管人.     

“天使”缘何“堕落”?——以广州市萝岗区未成年人犯罪案件分析为例

当前,未成年人违法犯罪情况呈明显上升态势。未成年人犯罪呈现出侵财型犯罪为主、共同犯罪增多、犯罪主体文化素质较低等鲜明特点,且存在未成年人心智发育不完善、法制观念低下、家庭教育不科学、社会管理不到位等多方面的原因,需要各有关职能部门会同家庭、志愿者与社工等共同努力才能做好预防未成年人犯罪的工作。     

Hair analysis for drug abuse: I. Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method

Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using stable isotope-labeled internal standards, 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropane-2,3,3,3-d4 and 2-amino-1-phenylpropane-2,3,3,3-d4. Extraction of hair with methanol/5M hydrochloric acid (20:1) using ultrasonication was chosen as the standard method. The calibration curves for amphetamines in the hair were linear from 1 to 100 ng/mg (r greater than 0.99). The detection limit was 0.5 ng/mg at the 95% confidence level. The coefficients of variation (CV) (n = 8) of analysis using the spiked hair with methamphetamine were from 0.7 to 6%. The CV (n = 8) of analysis of the methamphetamine abuser's hair was 17.5%. Sectional analysis of monkey and human hair after methamphetamine ingestion suggested a good correlation between the duration of drug use and drug distribution in the hair.     

Correlations on radioimmunoassay, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay of cannabis metabolites with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine specimens.

Results obtained from three commercial immunoassay kits, Abuscreen, TDx, and EMIT, commonly used for the initial test of urine cannabinoids (and metabolites) were correlated with the 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (9-THC-COOH) concentration as determined by GC/MS. Correlation coefficients obtained based on 26 (out of 1359 total sample population) highly relevant samples, are 0.601 and 0.438 for Abuscreen and TDx. Correlation coefficients obtained from a parallel study on a different set of 47 (out of 5070 total sample population) highly relevant specimens are 0.658 and 0.575 for Abuscreen and Emit. The immunoassay concentration levels, that correspond to the commonly used 15 ng/ml GC/MS cutoff value for 9-THC-COOH, as calculated from the regression equations are 82 ng/ml and 75 ng/ml for TDx and EMIT and 120 ng/ml and 72 ng/ml for Abuscreen manufactured at two different time periods. The difference of these calculated corresponding concentrations provides quantitative evidence of the reagent specificity differences.