美国"情报引导警务"的Compstat模式述评——兼与社区警务模式相比较

Compstat模式创建于美国纽约市警察局,自问世以来无异于在美国警界掀起了一场警务革命。相对于社区警务模式中注重微小问题解决以及加强警民之间亲密关系的做法,Compstat模式更注重警方在打击犯罪和维护治安方面的成效。这种以准确及时的情报作为基础的＂情报引导警务＂模式,带来了犯罪率的显著下降和管理绩效的有效提升,也使得这种模式超越了警务事业的范畴,在政府的其他部门管理中扮演着重要角色。从Compstat模式的起源、创建理念、构成原则、构成要素及应用现状等层面对这种模式加以评述,以期探讨这一模式在现代警务工作中的作用。     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中人与自然相统一的思想及其实践意义

马克思在<1844年经济学哲学手稿>中深刻论述了人与自然相统一的思想.一方面,自然界是人的无机的身体,人是受动的存在物;另一方面,自然界是人本学的自然界,人是能动的存在物.马克思关于人与自然相统一的思想对于我们发展中国特色社会主义事业、构建社会主义和谐社会具有重大的现实意义,我们必须关注自然环境和人的活动,促进人与自然的和谐.     

国际大都市增长方式转变的规律与启示

转变发展方式的核心是转变经济增长方式.北京作为首都,改革开放以来,在经济增长方式转变方面已取得很大成效,但依然存在着明显的"高投入、高消耗、高排放、不协调,难循环、低效率"的问题,粗放型增长方式尚未根本改变.本文选取具有典型意义的伦敦、纽约、东京三大国际城市,探索它们在增长方式转变方面的特点和规律,并从中得出值得我们借鉴的经验.     

关于农产品供应链信任机制的探究

建立农产品供应链,降低农产品的成本,加强企业间的合作,培养企业间的信用是农产品供应链管理的核心。我国农产品供应链要想有大的发展,必须有现代化的流通商、超市系统、物流配送、运输、信息、仓储等各个方面的专业化经营的企业。应进一步建立农业产业集群与农产品供应链有效的信任机制。     

劳动关系研究英美模式比较——形成的回顾与20世纪80年代后的变化

美国和英国是劳动关系理论发源地,也是对劳动关系理论发展做出重大贡献的国家。他们为劳动关系研究提供了最基本的研究范式。由于两个国家工业化的道路不同,工会运动发展的路径不同,两国劳动关系的研究在研究范围、研究方法、学者和学科来源以及构成上都存在一定差异。     

加强满意度调查 促进工会工作纵深发展——以某学校工会工作满意度调查研究为例

为了解工会会员对工会工作的满意度,促进工会工作进一步发展与提高,采用问卷调查法进行调查.调查发现群众对工会的满意度比较高,工会工作卓有成效;组织建设和文化建设工作突出,生活保障职能、维护职工权益和参与决策工作职能需加强;工会干部素质满意度评价很高,也需要进一步加强创新意识、政治法律素质、服务意识与协调能力的培养;工会活...     

社会保障权的宪法思考

社会保障权是公民在年老、疾病或者丧失劳动能力的情况下,国家和社会给予物质帮助的权利.社会保障权既是社会权利、经济权利,更是宪法权利、基本权利.确立社会保障权的宪法地位对于发挥其保障作用尤为关键.     

Recognition of innovation and diffusion of welfare policy: Alleviating urban poverty in Chinese cities during fiscal recentralization

This article explores the complicated triangular architecture among innovation diffusion, fiscal recentralization, and authoritarian welfare regimes. We argue that local governments' adoption of innovative welfare policies attracts the attention of central authorities who tend to recognize spontaneous local innovation by releasing central administrative signals. During the era of fiscal recentralization starting from the Chinese Tax‐Sharing System Reform in 1994, cities with higher fiscal dependency are more likely to behave innovatively by adopting a new welfare policy for potential fiscal transfer rewards. The central government's recognition of this innovation stimulates cities' adoption but would reverse the effects of fiscal dependency because of the loss of the “innovativeness” of the adoption and its effectiveness in attracting the attention of superior authorities. We test our theories on the dynamic diffusion with the case of China's Urban Minimum Living Standard Assistance system, an urban poverty‐alleviation policy implemented fully in 1999.     

Access and control of agro-biotechnology: Bt cotton,ecological change and risk in China

This article argues that if the introduction of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in developing countries is to be successful, we can and should not evade questions of access and control of technology. It implies probing into the experiences, perceptions and understanding of GM crops by the prime user: the farmer. Exactly in these respects the scholarly literature is remarkably silent. We know little about farmers' experiences and perceptions of GM crops' potential risks and benefits. This is evident when concentrating on a major GM crop – Bt cotton – and studying this in the context of China, its second largest producer in the world. Based on the results of a large survey, we demonstrate that Chinese farmers' awareness (‘having heard of’) and their understanding (‘being able to explain’) of Bt cotton is low. This may lead to ill-informed, distorted risk perceptions and a general inability to relate agricultural production problems to the specific nature of transgenic cotton cultivation. A great majority of the farmers find that the Chinese seed market was liberalised too early, in turn leading to a high incidence of ‘stealth transgenics’ or illegal seeds, the undermining of farmers' trust in private institutions, and a weakened biosafety regime. This finding points to the need for continued state intervention in the seed market, particularly in a developing context. Finally, we have discovered that farmers report a significantly lower reduction in pesticide use by Bt cotton than found in other studies. As suggested by recent research, we suspect that the higher pesticide use is necessary to control secondary pests – i.e. pests other than the cotton bollworm. We present empirical evidence that Chinese farmers perceive a substantive increase in secondary pests after Bt cotton was introduced.     

全面履行社会职能切实保证社会稳定——访新疆维吾尔自治区总工会党组书记李明

新疆维吾尔自治区工会组织在邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想的指导下,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,紧密结合新疆实际,创造性地开展工作,在维护各族职工群众切身利益、协调和处理劳动关系矛盾、反对民族分裂、参与社会管理创新、维护社会稳定等方面,充分发挥作用,取得许多成功经验.