Genetic polymorphism of 17 STR loci for forensic use in Chinese population from Shanghai in East China

Allele frequencies for 17 STR loci found in Identifier kit and PowerPlex^®16 Monoplex System were determined in a sample of 1000 unrelated individuals living in Shanghai in East China. The values of observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), probability of paternity exclusion (PE) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated. All loci were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). The obtained frequency distributions were compared with other previously reported population data.     

论医疗侵权诉讼举证责任分配

<最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定>对医疗侵权举证责任分配制度做出了明确规定,因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼,由医疗机构就医疗行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系及不存在医疗过错承担举证责任.该制度有悖,临床医学科学且缺乏法律依据,随着患方举证能力的显著提高,建议借鉴"妨碍证明"制度,立法上保障患方举证权利及完善医疗证据保全制度,适用"谁主张,谁举证"的一般侵权举证责任分配制度.确保司法结果公正合理.     

刑事案例指导制度:价值、困境与完善

刑事案例指导制度对于司法公正公平的保障作用毋庸置疑,其良性发展也将极大地改变刑事司法的理念、刑法解释的格局。但目前的困境在于案例数量缺乏规模效应、裁判要旨缺乏指导意义、指导效力机制不明确、案例生成程序与裁判程序脱节,导致其效果不容乐观。因此,应当逐步建立两级指导案例生成机制,通过选择性提审、强化裁判援引效果、加强配套司法技术的训练等措施予以完善。     

Some archaeological gleanings from Gandhara on the north‐west frontier of India

Central Asia Central Asian Review. Vol. XIII, No. I, 1965. London, Central Asian Research Centre, 66a King's Road, London, S.W.3. Pp. 97. Maps. 10s.

Russia's Policy in Central Asia 1857–1868. By N. A. Khalfin. A condensed version of the original Russian by Hubert Evans. London, Central Asian Research Centre, 1964. Pp.107. Maps. Bibliog. 18s.

Communist China and Tibet. The First Dozen Years. By George Ginsburgs and Michael Mathos. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1964. Pp. 218. Bibliog. Index. Dutch guilders, 23.25.

South Asia The Road to Freedom. By Sir Percival Griffiths. London, Ampersand, 1965. Pp. 207. Bibliog. 6s.

Modern India. By Sir Percival Griffiths. London, Ernest Benn, 1965. Pp. xiii + 300. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 37s. 6d.

Federalism in India. A Study of Union‐State Relations. By Asok Chanda. London, Allen and Unwin, 1965. Pp. 347. Bibliog. Index. 42s.

The Concept of the Secular State and India. By Ved Prakash Luthcra. London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. ix + 187. Bibliog. Index. 22s.

India and the Commonwealth, 1885–1929. By S. R. Mehrotra. London, Allen and Unwin, 1965. Pp. 287. Bibliog. Index. 40s.

Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China. By W. F. van Eekelen. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1964. Pp. ix + 220. Maps. Bibliog. Index. Dutch guilders 22.50.

Sind. A General Introduction. By H. T. Lambrick. (History of Sind Series—Vol. I.) Hyderabad (Sind): Sindhi Adabi Board, 1964. Pp. xv + 274. Maps. Illus. Glossary. Bibliog. Indexes.

Pakistan. Birth and Growth of a Muslim Nation. By Richard V. Weekes. London, D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd., 1965. Pp. ix + 278. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 45s.

South‐West Asia Empire by Treaty. Britain and the Middle East in the Twentieth Century. By M. A. Fitzsimons. London, Ernest Benn Ltd., 1965. (Notre Dame University Press, Indiana, 1964.) Pp. xiv + 235. Maps. Index. 50s.

Arab Unity in Terms of Law. By M. F. Anabtawi. The Hague, Martinus Nijhof, 1963. Pp. 263. Bibliog. Guilders 18.

Arabian Oil Ventures. By H. St.J. Philby. The Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C., 1964. Pp. xiii +134. Endpaper maps. Illus. $4.75.

The Covenant and the Sword. Arab‐Israeli Relations, 1948–56. By Earl Berger. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965. Pp. ix + 245. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 35s.

Cross Roads to Israel. By Christopher Sykes. London, Collins, 1965. Pp. 479. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 42s.

Mandate Memories 1918–1948. By Norman and Helen Bentwich. London, Hogarth Press, 1965. Pp. 231. Index. 30s.

Ben Gurion. A Political Biography. By Maurice Edelman. London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1964. Pp. 214. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 30s.

Arab Border‐Villages in Israel. By Abner Cohen. Manchester University Press, 1965. Pp. xiv +194. Map. Bibliog. Index. 30s.

Education in Israel. By Joseph S. Bentwich. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. Pp. 204. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 24s.

South East Asia. Illusion and Reality in Politics and Economics. By Lennox A. Mills. Minnesota University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 365. Map. Index. 45s.

China and the Peace of Asia. Edited by Alastair Buchan. London, Chatto and Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1965. Pp. 253. Bibliog. 30s.

The Indo‐China War, 1945–54. A Study in Guerilla Warfare. By Edgar O'Bal‐lance. London, Faber, 1964. Pp. 285. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 35s.

Conflict in Laos. The Politics of Neutralization. By Arthur J. Dommen. London, Pall Mall Press, 1964. Pp. xiv + 338. Maps. Tables. Bibliog. Index. 40s.

The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951–1963. By Donald Hindley. University of California Press and Cambridge University Press, 1964. Pp. 380. Maps. Bibliog. Index. $8.50. 68s.

Village in Vietnam. By Gerald Cannon Hickey. Yale University Press, 1964. Pp. xxvii + 325. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 72s.

Far East Mao and the Chinese Revolution. By Jerome Ch'ên. London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 419. Maps. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. 42s.

Communist China: The Early Years 1949–55. By A. Doak Barnett. London, Pall Mall Press, 1964. Pp. xiv + 336. Index. 42s.

The Birth of Communist China. By C. P. Fitzgerald. London, Penguin Books Ltd., 1965. Pp. 288. Maps. Index. 5s.

Soviet Scientist in China. By Mikhail A. Klochko. Trans. by Andrew Mac‐Andrew. London, Hollis and Carter, 1964. Pp. 192. 25s.

Workers of China. By K. E. Priestley. London, Ampersand, 1965. Pp. 107. 3s. 6d.

Communist China's Crusade. By Guy Wint. London, Pall Mall Press, 1965. Pp. 136. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 21s.

Li Hung‐Chang and the Huai Army. A Study in Nineteenth‐Century Regionalism. By Stanley Spector. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1964. Pp. 359. Bibliog. Index. $9.50.

Bitter Strength. By Gunther Barth. Harvard University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 305. Bibliog. Index. 48s.

Suye Mura. A Japanese Village. By John F. Embree. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1965. Pp. xxxi + 354. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. Paperbound, 21s.

Government and People in Hong Kong 1841–1962. A Constitutional History. By G. B. Endacott. Hong Kong University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 263. Map. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 45s.

Biography Ataturk. The Rebirth of a Nation. By Lord Kinross. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964. Pp. 542. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 63s.

Allenby. By Brian Gardner. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 314. Maps. Illus. Index. 30s.

The Forgotten Men. By Iain Adamson. London, G. Bell and Sons, 1965. Pp. 193. Map. 21 s.

The Gurkhas. By Harold James, M.C., and Denis Shiel‐Small, M.C. London, Macdonald, 1965. Pp.291. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 35s.

Six Minutes to Sunset. By Arthur Swinson. London, Peter Davies, 1964. Pp. vii + 215. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 30s.

Road to Nineveh. The Adventures and Excavations of Sir Austen Henry Layard. By Nora Kubie. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 303. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 36s.

Commissioner Lin and the Opium War. By Hsin‐Pao Chang. Harvard University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 319. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 56s.

Culture and Civilization The Eastern Key. Kitab al‐Ifadah wa'l I'tibar of Abd al‐Latif al‐Baghdadi. Translation by K. Hafuth Zand and John A. and Ivy E. Videan. London, Allen and Unwin, 1964. Pp. 293. 63s.

Islamic Architecture and its Decoration A.D. 800–1500. By Derek Hill and Oleg Grabar. A Photographic Survey with an Introductory Text. London, Faber, 1964. £6 6s.

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand. By Edward H. Schafer. The University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963. Pp. 399. Illus. Bibliog. Notes. Index. 72s.

Horses in Japan. By Vivienne Kenrick. London, J. A. Allen and Co., 1964. Pp. 196. Illus. 25s.

Religion and Philosophy A History of Medieval Islam. By J. J. Saunders. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. Pp. 219. Maps. Index. 32s.

The Spirit of Islam. By Syed Ameer Ali. London, Methuen, 1965. (University Paperbacks.) Pp. ix + 515. Bibliog. Index. 21s.

Ghazali's Book of Counsel for Kings (Nasihat al‐Mulūk). Translated by F. R. C. Bagley. Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. lxxiv +197. 63s.

Studies in Christian Caucasian History. By Cyril Toumanoff. Georgetown University Press, 1963. Pp.601. Maps. Bibliog. Index.     

活体跟骨数字X线片性别判定

目的应用数字X线摄影方法测量跟骨,评估5项测量指标在法医学性别判定中的价值。方法393例受试对象随机分组,实验组334例(男性148例,女性186例),验证组59例(男性26例,女性33例)。每一受试对象按照规定投照方法摄跟骨侧位DR片,分别测量5项跟骨长度指标。方差分析检验实验组各项指标性别间差异,Fisher判别分析及多元逐步判别分析建立性别判别函数。验证组样本数据回代,前瞻性评估判别效能。结果5项指标性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。共建立了6组性别判别函数,性别判断正确率在78.4%～88.9%之间;回代检验,判断正确率在79.7%～86.4%之间。结论跟骨侧位数字X线片5项长度测量指标代入判别函数进行性别判定的方法可为法医学个人识别中的性别判定提供帮助。     

血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的HPLC分析

目的 建立血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法.方法 以非那西丁为内标,检材加入10%的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值为14,用甲苯提取,离心后取有机层,水浴下吹干,乙腈定容后进HPLC仪分析.结果 检测血液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.05～10μg/mL(r2＞0.999 3),检测尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.01～50 μg/mL(r2＞0.999 5).氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在血液和尿液中的检测限分别是0.006 μg/mL和0.003 μg/mL.血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的回收率不低于82.4%.检测血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的日内精密度和日间精密度均小于10.0%.将所建的方法应用于给大鼠氯胺酮后的血液和尿液中的氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的测定,得到了氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在大鼠的药时曲线和尿排药速率曲线. 结论本方法简便、快捷,适用于血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的分析.     

COVID-19 and American Attitudes toward U.S.-China Disputes

The COVID-19 outbreak has fueled tension between the U.S. and China. Existing literature in international relations rarely focuses on virus outbreaks as factors affecting international relations between superpower countries, nor does research examine an outbreak’s potential influence on the public’s opinion about their country’s foreign policy. To bridge this research gap, this study explores the extent to which the American public may be prone to favor policies that “punish” China via existing U.S.-China disputes, such as the South China Sea dispute and the U.S.-China trade war. I conducted an online survey using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and ran multinomial and ordered logit models to estimate the association between an individual’s preferred policies and the country or government an individual blame for the impact of the pandemic. After controlling several essential confounding factors, such as one’s levels of nationalism and hawkishness, I found strong evidence that there is a positive association between people’s attribution of blame to the Chinese government and the likelihood of supporting aggressive policy options in the two disputes with China. That is to say, U.S. citizens who believe that the Chinese government is solely culpable for the outbreak in the U.S., compared to those who think otherwise, are more likely to support hawkish policy options, such as confrontational military actions, economic sanctions, or higher tariff rates. The research provides a glimpse into where Americans may stand in these disputes with China and the potential development of U.S.-China relations in the post-pandemic era.

     

Diasporan students social entrepreneurship intention: The moderating role of institutional support

The daunting global challenges saddling polities and governments alike have resultantly created a situation whereby governments and corporate civil society have inadvertently reneged on delivering public good and services to citizens. In ensuring and strengthening a public–private actor synergy, with particular emphasis on leveraging acquired knowledge and skills of diaspora‐based students, social entrepreneurship activities could be harnessed to provide sustainable remedies to social challenges such as unemployment, famine amongst others by utilizing social entrepreneurship as a tool. Using the theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework, the study elicited data from 322 respondents to empirically investigate determinants of social entrepreneurship intentions of Ghanaian students, with the moderating role of institutional support. Study results revealed that sense of social responsibility and service learning have significant relationship with social entrepreneurship intention. However, social volunteering experience had no significant relationship. Moreover, whereas attitude to social entrepreneurship intention demonstrated a positive relationship, institutional support as a moderator was also revealed to influence the relationship between attitude and social entrepreneurship intention. From the study findings, we discourse on the implications for social entrepreneurship in Ghana to policy makers and stakeholders.     

建构我国释明制度之合理性探析

释明制度的核心是法官的释明权。法院行使释明权在一定程度内是法院的义务,从另一角度看则是权限,如果超过一定的限度则可能违法。在建立和运用释明权时关键是要把握好“度”的问题,否则在审判方式改革的过程中可能重又回到职权主义的诉讼模式中。释明权制度反映了在尊重当事人诉权的前提下以审判权给予当事人适度救济的司法理念,在性质上不同于将审判权置于诉权之上的职权干预模式。     

家庭伦理与女性违法犯罪原因探讨

女性违法犯罪原因有社会的、家庭的、生理的、心理的。这些因素互相作用,互相转化,最终形成导致犯罪人犯罪的直接的具体原因。在家庭伦理视野下,女性违法犯罪还有其独特的也是极为重要一些原因:家庭异常的伦理道德观念和失范的伦理道德关系。