Writer identification using hand-printed and non-hand-printed questioned documents

Several federal district court judges have recently referred to the purported lack of information on the proficiency of forensic document examiners (FDEs) in identifying writers of hand-printed documents. In order to provide the necessary information, we have re-analyzed data on writer identification that were collected in 1996 from 90 forensic document examiners and 34 laypersons. These data were used previously to assess the proficiency of FDEs using handwritten documents in several different types of writing. In the new analysis we separated data on hand-printed (HP) documents from data on non-hand-printed (NHP) documents and compiled error rates and statistics in each category. The main findings are: (1) whether or not the documents were hand-printed, the performance of FDEs was much better than that of laypersons; (2) statistical tests found no difference between the data provided by the FDEs in the HP and NHP categories; (3) statistical tests found no difference between the data provided by laypersons in the HP and NHP categories; and (4) statistical tests found differences between the data provided by the FDEs and the laypersons in both the HP and NHP categories. Similar results were obtained when hand-printed documents were compared to cursive documents and when cursive documents were compared to non-cursive documents. All the evidence indicates that in our proficiency test the performance of FDEs in writer identification was much better than the performance of laypersons in each one of the following document categories: (1) hand-printed; (2) non-hand-printed; (3) cursive; and (4) non-cursive.     

中国产品出口与美国制造业

本文针对近一个时期以来国外出现的中国大量对美出口产品是“人民币汇率过低”,进而“造成美国制造业下降、工人失业”的说法进行了分析和批驳。文章认为美国制造业下降主要是由美国经济发展的内部因素造成的;是产业结构调整的结果;中美贸易主要是按比较利益原则进行,对各方都是有利的;把美国经济出现的困境归咎于中国是在转移视线,美国应更多地从自身寻找原因,不要扣动保护主义扳机。否则,受伤害的将首先是其自己。     

对《女职工劳动保护规定》的修改建议

1988年的《女职工劳动保护规定》是符合当时历史条件的,但从目前现实情况看,其适用主体、原则、范围、具体内容、法律救济途径、法律责任等规定都需要重新审视,应当进行全面修改。     

1957年"清理干部不纯"运动及其教训

"清理干部不纯"运动源起福建闽东,发生于全国反右派斗争高潮迭起之际.随着当时国内政治形势的急剧变化,加上老区群众对干部队伍中出现官僚主义、专横粗暴工作作风的不满情绪的日益高涨,刺激了闽东领导层"左"倾情绪的滋长,导致了"清理干部不纯"运动的产生和扩大化的不幸后果.党的十一届三中全会以后,"清理干部不纯"扩大化的错误得到彻底纠正,认真回顾反思这段历史,仍具有极其重要的现实意义.     

Spectra interference between diquat and paraquat by second derivative spectrophotometry

A rapid and accurate method, combining solid-phase extraction and second-order derivative spectrophotomety approaches, is developed for the simultaneous determination of diquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) in blood, tissue and urine samples. Supernatant resulting from the precipitation of protein (with trichloroacetic acid) in plasma and tissue or Amberlite IRA-401 resin treated urine are passed through a mini-column packed with Wakogel gel (Silica gel). Analytes are then eluted with a non-organic solvent, 0.2mol/l HCl solution containing 2mol/l NH(4)Cl. UV spectrum of the eluent in 220-350nm range provides effective screen to detect the presence of DQ and/or PQ. In the presence of DQ or PQ alone, the analyte present is quantitated by conventional zero- or second-order derivative spectrophotometry. The calibration curve in the 0.1-5.0mg/l range for either analyte obeys Beer's law. When both DQ and PQ are present, their concentrations are determined by the peak amplitudes of their respective second-derivative spectra after the addition of alkaline dithionite reagent. Interference is negligible when the DQ/PQ concentration ratio is within the 5.0-0.2 range.Using a 2-ml of sample size, the detection limits for DQ and PQ in plasma are 0.02 and 0.005mg/l. The corresponding detection limits for urine samples (10ml sample size) are 0.004 and 0.001mg/l. Recoveries of DQ and PQ in triplicate plasma and urine samples spiked with 0.5mg/l of analytes are 93 and 85%. The precision of the proposed method resulting from triplicate study of spiked urine samples varies from 3.2 to 4.6% at 0.5mg/l of DQ and PQ, respectively.     

论贫困山区农业跨越式发展的有效途径

当"人口外流"尚需继续鼓励时,却出现了一股"要素回流"的新趋势,当人们为山区农田撂荒担忧时,却出现了山地连片开发的喜悦.贫困山区人口外流,为山区经济腾飞破除了各种不利因素,为人们提供了设计最新最美蓝图的广阔天地.引导要素回流,改变了制约山区经济发展的传统生产方式,促进了现代生产手段、生产技术与农村丰富资源的有机结合.鼓励人口外流,引导要素回流,是实现贫困山区农业跨越式发展的有效途径.     

新时期学风建设的实践要求

江泽民同志提出的"一个中心,三个着眼于"是理论联系实际,发扬马克思主义学风的重要内容和具体体现.文章指出,端正学风,加强学风建设,应做到三个坚持、"四抓"并举.     

WTO保障措施适用条件的新发展及中国的对策

保障措施是国际贸易关系中的"安全阀",其援用须符合严格的条件.本文结合有关案例,分析介绍了WTO争端解决机构对保障措施的适用条件,如不可预见的发展、进口增加、严重损害的确定、通知和适当性等所做的澄清与发展.这些裁定表明,WTO对适用保障措施的多边控制愈加严格,发展中国家成功援用保障措施的难度越来越大.中国应适应这一变化,制定相关对策,以最大限度地实现加入WTO的利益.     

福建省违法犯罪青少年的个性特征研究

为探讨青少年违法犯罪与个性的关系,采用艾森克个性问卷对621名13－19岁违法犯罪青少年和1371名相应年龄在校学生按不同年龄段和性别进行对照研究,发现16－19岁男性违法犯罪青少年外向性（E）、精神质（P）评分显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）,13－15岁男性违法犯罪少年精神质（P）、神经质（N）评分显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）,16－19岁女性违法犯罪青少年神经质（N）评分低于对照组（P＜0．05）,不同违法犯罪类型之间各个维度无统计学差异,表明外向性、精神质和神经质与男性青少年违法犯罪相关,倾稳性可能与女性青少年违法犯罪有关。