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931.
932.
Improvisation and Negotiation: Expecting the Unexpected 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Lakshmi Balachandra Robert C. Bordone Carrie Menkel-Meadow Philip Ringstrom Edward Sarath 《Negotiation Journal》2005,21(4):415-423
Negotiators must improvise. As the negotiations process unfolds, they work with new information, continually making decisions along the way to achieve favorable results. Skilled improvisational jazz musicians and actors perform in similar ways: they repeatedly practice song chord progressions and notes or scene guidelines before a performance; then, during the performance, they work with the information or the music they hear in order to react and respond, making decisions along the way to produce dazzling music or a compelling scene. In this article, two experts in negotiation, a jazz-improvisation scholar, a former member of an improvisational theater troupe, and a psychotherapist versed in therapeutic improvisational techniques explore the improvisational nature of negotiation.
Several aspects of negotiation are similar to improvisation. Both negotiators and improvisational performers need to have a similar mind-set to be successful, both need to recognize and/or change that mind-set at times, and both must craft creative solutions. But there are some significant differences between improvisational performance and negotiation practice, which this article also notes. For example, personal charisma ("star quality") is a common attribute of successful performers, but not something negotiators may always rely on. Similarly, improvisational artists usually work as a team, while a negotiator is often on his or her own. Nonetheless, the incorporation of improvisation techniques into the negotiation skills repertoire holds great promise for practicing negotiators and is a worthy topic of future negotiation research and teaching. 相似文献
Several aspects of negotiation are similar to improvisation. Both negotiators and improvisational performers need to have a similar mind-set to be successful, both need to recognize and/or change that mind-set at times, and both must craft creative solutions. But there are some significant differences between improvisational performance and negotiation practice, which this article also notes. For example, personal charisma ("star quality") is a common attribute of successful performers, but not something negotiators may always rely on. Similarly, improvisational artists usually work as a team, while a negotiator is often on his or her own. Nonetheless, the incorporation of improvisation techniques into the negotiation skills repertoire holds great promise for practicing negotiators and is a worthy topic of future negotiation research and teaching. 相似文献
933.
934.
Jeffrey C. Alexander 《Society》2010,47(5):410-418
Common knowledge suggests that elections are won or lost based on demographics, finances, and other structural elements. Whether
candidates win or lose, however, is a matter of action. Symbolic identification, metaphor, and an unfolding narrative—and
how they are managed and interpreted in the flow of events—determine who will emerge victorious from the democratic struggle
for power. The McCain campaign’s effort to cast Obama as a celebrity, with the hollow trivialities and self-aggrandizement
of Paris Hilton and Britney Spears, proves to be one of the most dangerous episodes for the Obama campaign. In response, the
Democrats must adjust the staging of Obama’s Thursday night acceptance speech in Denver as a performance of purpose and gravitas,
rather than glitz and adoration. 相似文献
935.
936.
Recent headlines comparing the health risks of nanotechnology to those of asbestos have appeared in newspapers throughout the country and on the Internet. Governmental agencies and standard-setting organizations have begun considering and actually adopting requirements to protect against such purported risks. The plaintiffs’ bar and potential plaintiffs have surely taken note. There is every reason to believe that the era of mass tort and class actions related to nanotechnology—“nanotorts” for short—is rapidly approaching. This article examines what nanotort claims might look like, the role that regulations and industry practices may play in such lawsuits, potential defenses to those claims, and what nanotech companies can do now to guard against future nanotort liabilities. 相似文献
937.
Despite the burdens that students and institutions assume when underwriting educational careers, very little is known about
completion rates, risk factors, and successful strategies of criminology/criminal justice (CCJ) graduate programs. Consequently,
the present study tracks 287 master’s and 70 doctoral students who entered the Florida State University CCJ program during
the 1991–2000 academic years. Almost two-thirds of this cohort earned an advanced degree. Younger students with higher GRE
scores were more likely to complete the master’s program. Successful doctoral degree recipients tended to have lower GRE scores,
be non-White, and earn their master’s degrees in-house. In terms of time-to-degree, it took over two years to earn an M.A.
and slightly more than six years to negotiate the Ph.D. Implications are explored for the program, the university, and the
discipline. 相似文献
938.
939.
A major policy issue for the Social Security program is the treatment of earnings of persons who have attained retirement age. This article discusses the retirement test and recomputation of benefit provisions, and provides statistical data for 1995. In 1995, about 806,000 persons aged 65-70 had significant earnings resulting in the withholding of benefits by the retirement test. About 1,659,000 persons aged 65 or older realized an increase in their benefit amount because of their earnings. 相似文献
940.