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491.
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493.
We evaluate the impact of political forces in the allocation of intergovernmental grants in Portugal, as it matured from a young to an established democracy. Using a large and unexplored dataset we show that political variables condition the granting system, and that their importance changed over time. While tactical manipulation in the distribution of grants among municipalities seems to exist only in the early years of democracy, opportunistic effects are stronger in the latter years. We argue that the latter effect is due to a change in the political environment and to the electorate’s lack of information on intergovernmental grants. 相似文献
494.
David W. Richardson Susan B. Cave Linda La Grange 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(2):84-90
Little research has been conducted regarding the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in law enforcement screening
and selection. The limited body of research that does exist appears to support its utility in the selection process. The purpose
of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Psychological Rating Risk Factor Statement (PRRFS)
developed by Roberts, Thompson, and Johnson (2004) in predicting and discriminating problem from non-problem New Mexico State
Police (NMSP) applicants. PAI profiles for each officer were obtained and transferred into the PAI Law Enforcement, Corrections,
and Public Safety Selection software program, which generated probability estimates (PRRFS) to predict the likelihood that
participants were not well-suited for a career in law enforcement. Subsequent logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic
(ROC) statistical analyses revealed that the PRRFS was ineffective in predicting and discriminating between problem and non-problem
officers. Potential explanations for this finding are discussed. 相似文献
495.
Ronet Bachman Linda E. Saltzman Martie P. Thompson Dianne C. Carmody 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2002,18(2):135-157
Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, this paper attempts to disentangle the effects of self-protective behaviors on the risk of injury in assaults against women. Unlike previous research, in this study we address simultaneously three important conceptual and methodological issues: (1) type of self-protective behavior, (2) temporal sequencing of self-protective behavior in relation to injury, and (3) the victim/offender relationship. Results indicate that even after controlling for other contextual characteristics of an assault, the probability of a woman being injured was lowest when she employed non-physical resistance strategies such as arguing or reasoning with the offender. This was true for all types of offenders. However, for assaults involving intimates, the probability of injury was increased for women who physically resisted their attackers. 相似文献
496.
497.
Pamela A. Yankeelov Linda K. Bledsoe Joseph Brown Mary Lou Cambron 《Family Court Review》2003,41(2):242-256
The article focuses on a quantitative evaluation of Families In Transition (FIT), a court-mandated divorce education program. In this evaluation, the operationalization of the impact of FIT on its participants is guided by a social psychology theory. Findings indicate that parents view FIT as a valuable experience, and they gain in their attitude toward and likelihood to engage in child-centered divorce adjustment behaviors from pre- to post-FIT. Factors are highlighted, such as counseling and conflict status of the parents that affect the degree of influence of FIT. Implications for evaluations of these programs and for the structure of these programs are discussed. 相似文献
498.
499.
Linda Gon?alves Veiga 《Public Choice》2012,153(1-2):215-233
The paper examines the determinants of the assignment of EU funds to Portuguese municipalities using a large and unexplored dataset covering all (278) mainland municipalities over 15 years. Empirical results reveal that besides normative objectives, political motivations also influence the distribution of funds by the national government across municipalities. Grants to municipalities increase during local election years, and more funds are transferred to municipalities where legislative elections have been closely contested and where the ruling national party had been supported by voters. 相似文献
500.
Linda J. Cook 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2010,45(2):170-197
This paper examines changes in labor markets and labor rights for 13 post-communist states of East Central Europe and the
Former Soviet Union. It focuses on the simultaneous pressures to increase the flexibility of labor markets and improve labor
standards in the years since the collapse of communism. Comparative measures and patterns of both de jure and de facto standards
and flexibility are presented, and the roles of key institutional promoters of change are analyzed. I find that a combination
of democratic regime type and European Union accession has pulled East European states toward the strengthening of collective
labor rights. The effect is strongest on the states that joined the EU in 2004, weaker for those joining in 2007, while the
three post-Soviet, non-accession states remain significantly more labor-repressive. Labor market flexibilization has been
a more uniform trend in the post-communist region. In the context of this project’s inter-regional comparisons, contemporary
Eastern Europe has the strongest labor rights. At the same time, the decline of trade unions and limits of collective bargaining
in most post-communist states undermine the effectiveness of transposed EU legislation and bargaining institutions in empowering
labor. As shown by the exceptional case of Slovenia, strong unions are necessary to fully enforce rights. 相似文献