China's consumer revolution: The 1990s and beyond

Since 1980 China's economic revolution has enabled more households to allocate labor to market‐related activities to earn more income. In 1992 an even greater surge in market economy growth took place when urban households began abandoning state‐related occupations and took their chances in the marketplace. The increase in consumer spending that followed reflects a new pattern of household spending for the first time in China since 1949: the share of spending for food relative to spending for other categories of goods and services is fast declining. This new trend, already strongly evident among high income‐earning households, is rapidly being replicated by other households as their incomes rise. During the 1990s new consumer patterns have emerged in the cities of the coastal provinces that strongly indicate that a consumer revolution is under way. This revolution has revived traditional gift‐giving between the Chinese people, thus facilitating the strengthening of their social, economic, and political ties and encouraging people to emphasize social and political stability.     

论法院对行政机关认定事实的审查

行政机关和法院二者是行使一定权力的国家机关,行政机关行使行政权,法院行使司法权,而行政行为一旦引发争议进入行政诉讼程序,其要接受司法审查,这时就有一个问题,法院应如何对待行政机关对有关事实问题的判断和认定。     

论建立公安工作和社会治安监测预警机制

公安机关建立公安工作和社会治安监测预警机制,有利于提升公安工作和社会治安问题的信息化、规范化和制度化建设水平;能够经常性掌握公安工作的底数、进度和发展趋势;有利于及时掌握社会治安动向;有利于增强公安机关履行职责的能力。要建立健全公安工作和社会治安监测预警机制,必须要建立健全信息监测系统、评估研判系统、预警控制实施系统和相关的保障支撑系统。     

Advancing Human Rights Policy: Does Grassroots Mobilization and Community Dispute Resolution Matter? Insights from Chiapas,Mexico

This research examines the impact of grassroots organizing at the community level in Chiapas, Mexico, to address problems associated with human rights advocacy and implementation. Traditionally, the nation‐state has had the primary responsibility to address issues pertaining to human rights violations and the enforcement of international human rights principles and treaties. Local political struggles and acts of resistance by disenfranchised groups in Mexico offer insight to understand the impact of indigenous and other social movements in furthering human rights. Indigenous populations in the state of Chiapas use local community dispute resolution to contest the inadequacy of the state in responding to the problems that give rise to poverty, lack of human dignity, educational access, racial and ethnic discrimination, lack of political participation in government and the right to equality in economic, social, and political sectors. Drawing from research based on participant observations in Chiapas, Mexico, there is some evidence to suggest that since the 1994 EZLN (Zapatista National Liberation Army) uprising several micro‐level political and social movements have contested the power of the state through symbolic and pragmatic organizing efforts. These groups include, but are not limited to, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), women's groups, and indigenous groups. After the Zapatista uprising, these groups were instrumental in making claims against the state through numerous activities: protests to end the war, the development of NGOs to observe human rights violations, civilian‐based Zapatista support groups (base de apoyo), peace camps, and open dialogue with the EZLN. I argue that collective mobilization in local communities serves both symbolic and pragmatic efforts in helping disenfranchised groups empower themselves to address economic, social, and political inequality. Local‐level activism has fueled a sense of self‐empowerment to change state institutional responses and to involve sectors of civil society domestically and internationally to initiate a proper resolution of issues that are fundamentally related to human rights.     

数字化与人文之和谐及对思想政治教育的启示

追溯教育、技术与人的发展的思想文化渊源,并从人文关怀的角度审视数字化对人的发展造成的双重影响,就要求思想政治教育从多维角度积极拓展人文化和数字化的丰富内涵,从而培养在数字化时代充分提升主体价值和实现全面发展的个体。     

2004年美国大选对美国选举制度的影响

2004 年美国大选中技术构件的改进,提高了美国选举制度的可操作性和合理性;竞选开销创历史新高,加深了金钱政治对选举制度民主公平原则的侵蚀;候选人通过谎言和反面信息争取选票,违背了选举制度的诚信道德准则。     

印刷线路板布图设计的保护模式

TRIPS协议以及许多国家的知识产权法目前并未对PCB布图设计提供法律保护。但是,PCB布图设计具有与知识产权保护的客体——知识产品相似的品性,在法理上和经济上都具有给予其相应保护的正当性。作者认为,可以结合PCB布图设计的特点,给予其与集成电路布图设计的保护模式相似的、与其自身特点相对应的、独特的、自成一体的知识产权保护模式。     

美国总统选举人团制度

总统选举入团制度是美国总统选举制度的重要组成部分.总统选举人团方案本身就是各种利益妥协的结果.经过二百多年的演变和发展,总统选举人团制度的内容和运行方式发生了诸多变化.迄今为止,它仍然是选举美国总统的重要机制,但存在许多缺陷和弊端.     

英语写作中的中国式英语错误分析

中国式英语是英语写作的最大障碍之一,在措词、句式、篇章结构等方面严重影响英语写作的质量以及书面交际的效果。因此有必要对其产生的原因进行错误分析,在此基础上提出相应的对策,来帮助学生在英语写作中,尽量避免中国式英语的出现,切实提高学生的英语写作能力。     

论我党建设和谐社会思想的形成及其历史地位

构建社会主义和谐社会的思想是党的几代领导集体不懈探索的理论结晶。这一思想进一步丰富和发展了社会主义初级阶段理论,为全面建设小康社会指明了方向。同时,这一思想也是党在新世纪新阶段加强执政能力和先进性建设的崭新标志,在建设中国特色社会主义进程中具有特殊的历史地位。