我国反就业歧视法律规控研究

就业歧视现象在我国普遍存在,而反就业歧视法制相当落后。就业歧视的本质特征是没有正当理由的差别对待,法律禁止就业歧视的主要目的是保障平等就业权并实现社会正义。在市场化就业背景下,反就业歧视必须正确处理用工自主权与平等就业权这对“轴心”权利的相互关系。我国应当以正面赋予劳动者平等就业权作为反就业歧视的权利基础,以准确界定就业歧视作为反就业歧视的中心任务,从立法、执法和司法三个层面逐步建立健全我国反就业歧视的法律规控体系。     

司法工作人员职务犯罪的常态预防机制研究

司法工作人员是相对特殊的群体,原因在于其职权的绝对性与不对等性。就司法工作人员的职务犯罪而言,犯罪状态呈现出部门问差异较大、罪名相对集中以及犯罪黑数大的问题。因此,对此类犯罪的预防必须要做到主动性以及针对性。财产申报制度、腐败排行榜两项制度的设置对于遏制司法工作人员的职务犯罪有着不同的针对性,但是其设立的模式以及需要突破的法理障碍仍然是亟待解决的问题。     

Statistical Inference After Model Selection

Conventional statistical inference requires that a model of how the data were generated be known before the data are analyzed. Yet in criminology, and in the social sciences more broadly, a variety of model selection procedures are routinely undertaken followed by statistical tests and confidence intervals computed for a “final” model. In this paper, we examine such practices and show how they are typically misguided. The parameters being estimated are no longer well defined, and post-model-selection sampling distributions are mixtures with properties that are very different from what is conventionally assumed. Confidence intervals and statistical tests do not perform as they should. We examine in some detail the specific mechanisms responsible. We also offer some suggestions for better practice and show though a criminal justice example using real data how proper statistical inference in principle may be obtained.     

当前医疗损害鉴定制度存在问题与对策

随着《侵权责任法》的实施,医疗纠纷司法鉴定将在医疗损害鉴定中起着越来越重要的作用。我国的医疗损害鉴定制度经历了一系列的制度变迁过程。但是,基于医疗的专业性、复杂性和技术性,医疗损害的鉴定不是一般法医能胜任的鉴定工作。医疗事故技术鉴定制度仍是一项可利用的制度资源。当前医疗损害鉴定制度的构建,应警惕形式意义上的鉴定公正带来实质意义上的鉴定不公正;警惕法律对患者的保护带来医疗对患者的伤害。建议对医疗事故技术鉴定制度进行改造,使之成为类似于美国的审前审查机制,或者采取医疗损害司法鉴定特别许可制度,以完善我国的医疗损害鉴定制度。     

从Davis案透视美国死刑程序

2010年8月,<参考消息>以<美高院仍坚持黑人死囚"不清白">为题引用法新社一则消息,批评美国联邦最高法院于2010年8月24日在没有凶器、DNA或指纹等证据能够证明黑人Troy Anthony Davis有罪的情况下仍然裁定Davis未能证明自己的清白.     

知识产权犯罪被害人民事权利保护问题研究

随着我国加入WTO,作为承诺之一,我国加强了对知识产权的法律保护。就刑事保护而言,"两高"在2004年出台的《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》大大降低了知识产权犯罪的入罪标准,不啻于知识产权刑事保护的一剂猛药。尽管如此,我们的刑事法律却只关注打击犯罪和恢复社会秩序,而没有对知识产权犯罪被害人的权利给予基本的关注,这无疑是与知识产权法律保护的目标--保护知识产权人的权利背道而驰的。     

宽严相济刑事政策与罚金刑改革

刑罚体系中的罚金刑本质上与宽严相济刑事政策的精神相契合,能够在贯彻宽严相济刑事政策中发挥重要的作用。我国现有罚金刑制度还存在罚金刑地位不高、适用范围狭窄、无限额罚金制的规定较多、罚金刑配置方式单一、罚金刑执行难等诸多问题和缺陷,影响到对宽严相济刑事政策的贯彻执行,需要我们对其进行相应的一系列的改革完善,以使其在体现和贯彻宽严相济刑事政策中的作用得以充分发挥。     

Examination of an interventionist-led HIV intervention among criminal justice-involved female prisoners

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation, adherence and protocol fidelity for the Reducing Risky Relationships for HIV (RRR-HIV) study. The RRR-HIV study is a phase III trial of a randomized intervention to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors among incarcerated women in four US states: Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky and Rhode Island. The intervention consists of five interventionist-led prison-based group sessions and a sixth individual community-based session. Data on adherence, implementation, acceptability and fidelity of the intervention were obtained from forms completed after the five prison-based sessions by both the interventionist and participant. Data from the sixth session were collected by the interventionist. Of the 363 women recruited to date, 173 (47.6%) have been randomly allocated to the experimental RRR intervention, of which implementation measures were available for 162 (93.6%). Almost three-quarters of women attended all five sessions, each of which lasted a median of 90 minutes, indicating successful implementation of the protocol across multiple study sites. Interventionists and participants alike reported that all of the topics for each session were discussed, suggesting adherence to the protocol. In addition, protocol interventionists indicated that more than 95% of the women were engaged/involved, interested, and understood the materials presented, indicating high levels of acceptability among the participants and fidelity to the intervention protocols. The majority of participants also answered all of the post-test questions correctly, which is another strong indicator of the fidelity to the intervention. Results suggest that the RRR-HIV study has been successfully implemented across multiple study sites. Adherence to the protocol, as well as protocol fidelity and acceptability, were also strong, which is essential to establish prior to examining outcome data.     

劳动权的宪法论析

宪法上劳动权的享有主体为公民,国家对公民劳动权的实现负有义务,该义务在公民缔结劳动关系前即存在,并贯穿于劳动关系存续的整个过程中。在完善我国宪法劳动权规范的结构、内容和表述的前提下,根据宪法精神和原则合理划分和行使构成国家权力的立法权、行政权和司法权,构建以宪法为基础的劳动权国家权力保障体系,确保劳动权的宪法权利得以实现。     

论案外人申请再审的制度价值与程序设计

案外人申请再审系修订后的《民事诉讼法》在借鉴域外立法基础上所创设的一项具有中国特色的制度,旨在为利益受到生效裁判、调解书侵害的案外人提供必要的救济机制,极大地扩张了传统民事再审制度的功能范围。在我国,案外人申请再审具有不同于当事人申请再审的事由和再审程序,并且因执行程序外的案外人申请再审和执行程序中的案外人申请再审的类型划分而异其适用条件。