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101.
Laura H.C.G. Compier-de Block Lenneke R.A. Alink Mariëlle Linting Lisa J.M. van den Berg Bernet M. Elzinga Alexandra Voorthuis Marieke S. Tollenaar Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg 《Journal of family violence》2017,32(2):207-217
Parent-child agreement on child maltreatment was examined in a multigenerational study. Questionnaires on perpetrated and experienced child maltreatment were completed by 138 parent-child pairs. Multi-level analyses were conducted to explore whether parents and children agreed about levels of parent-to-child maltreatment (convergence), and to examine whether parents and children reported equal levels of child maltreatment (absolute differences). Direct and moderating effects of age and gender were examined as potential factors explaining differences between parent and child report. The associations between parent- and child-reported maltreatment were significant for all subtypes, but the strength of the associations was low to moderate. Moreover, children reported more parent-to-child neglect than parents did. Older participants reported more experienced maltreatment than younger participants, without evidence for differences in actual exposure. These findings support the value of multi-informant assessment of child maltreatment to improve accuracy, but also reveal the divergent perspectives of parents and children on child maltreatment. 相似文献
102.
Claire Powell Lisa Marzano Karen Ciclitira 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2017,28(2):274-289
AbstractMothers in prison separated from their young children are an overlooked group. Attachment theory could provide a useful model to underpin interventions and better support women affected by separation from their infants. Current policy draws on a limited body of evidence and research has developed considerably since its first design. This review systematically searched all relevant UK prison policy and government documents with regards to mother and child separation in prison and analysed the extent to which these documents draw on attachment theory. Following initial searches, 58 documents were thematically analysed. Attachment was implicitly referred to in most documents but only explicitly mentioned in four. Global themes identified included ‘separation as trauma’. However, document groups varied in focusing either on the mother or the child and there were no joint perspectives. Developing and researching specific attachment-informed interventions might be one way forward as would further attachment-based research in this area. 相似文献
103.
Research on adolescent self-esteem indicates that adolescence is a time in which individuals experience important changes in their physical, cognitive, and social identities. Prior research suggests that there is a positive relationship between an adolescent??s participation in structured extracurricular activities and well-being in a variety of domains, and some research indicates that these relationships may be dependent on the type of activities in which adolescents participate. Building on previous research, a growth-curve analysis was utilized to examine self-esteem trajectories from adolescence (age 14) to young adulthood (age 26). Using 3 waves of data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 5,399; 47.8% male), the analysis estimated a hierarchical growth-curve model emphasizing the effects of age and type of school-based extracurricular activity portfolio, including sports and school clubs, on self-esteem. The results indicated that age had a linear relationship with self-esteem over time. Changes in both the initial level of self-esteem and the growth of self-esteem over time were significantly influenced by the type of extracurricular activity portfolio. The findings were consistent across race and sex. The results support the utility of examining the longitudinal impact of portfolio type on well-being outcomes. 相似文献
104.
The most widely accepted model of juror decision making acknowledges the importance of both the case-specific information presented in the courtroom, as well as the prior general knowledge and beliefs held by each juror. The studies presented in this paper investigated whether mock jurors could differentiate between evidence of varying strengths in the absence of case information and then followed on to determine the influence that case context (and therefore the story model) has on judgments made about the strength of forensic DNA evidence. The results illustrated that mock jurors correctly identified various strengths of evidence when it was not presented with case information; however, the perceived strength of evidence was significantly inflated when presented in the context of a criminal case, particularly when the evidence was of a weak or ambiguous standard. These findings are discussed in relation to the story model, and the potential implications for real juries. 相似文献
105.
Thogmartin JR Wilson CI Palma NA Ignacio SS Shuman MJ Flannagan LM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(5):1352-1360
This study presents a series of 16 carriers of hemoglobin S (HbS) who died during various circumstances. Many of the cases were associated with mild to moderate exertion. The onset and/or duration of symptoms varied from a few minutes to several hours with many displaying a prolonged lucid interval with stable vital signs. Despite seeking medical treatment, sickle cell trait-related micro-occlusive crisis was never considered in the differential diagnosis. Several cases were associated with sudden death. In those deaths which were delayed, high anion gap and uncompensated metabolic acidosis were typical and were not heat related. Also characteristic were large increases in creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase along with myoglobinemia. Although the antemortem diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made, the underlying cause was never deduced by the clinicians. The sickling found at autopsy is not always a postmortem artifact, and in the right circumstances can be diagnostic. 相似文献
106.
Previous research has shown that as crime scene location deprivation increases (lower socioeconomic status), the recovery of forensic material, principally DNA and fingerprints, also increases. However, this increase does not result in more crimes being solved by forensic means. In this study, we analyze stolen vehicle data and find a statistically significant positive association between deprivation and the amount of forensic material that matched either the victim or an associate of the victim on a criminal database. The nature of this association was investigated further by inspecting recovered stolen vehicles to establish whether the condition of a stolen vehicle and the tidiness of its interior influenced the recovery of forensic material that was attributed to the victim or an associate. Contradictory results suggest that other factors may contribute to understanding the association between the recovery of victim- or associate-attributable forensic material and crime scene location deprivation. 相似文献
107.
Lisa S. Nored Doug Goodman R. Alan Thompson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2011,26(1):35-46
This article provides an empirical analysis of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) implementation within the law enforcement
profession. Specifically, the study reports results from a national survey of state police/highway patrol agencies regarding
practical implementation of the ADA. The data is analyzed in terms of population size and collective bargaining status. Results
of this endeavor indicate that implementation of the ADA within law enforcement is difficult, especially as applied to the
work of sworn personnel. These challenges are somewhat diminished when applied to non-sworn personnel such as dispatchers,
administrators, and clerical personnel. The most substantial obstacles to implementation of the ADA within law enforcement
is not associated with political officials or administrators. Instead, most arise from the lack of training and vague legislative
language and regulatory standards. Smaller states and those without collective bargaining report lower levels of accommodation;
however, there are few statistically significant differences in terms of population and collective bargaining. 相似文献
108.
109.
A multi-site, randomized study of strengths-based case management with substance-abusing parolees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prendergast M Frisman L Sacks JY Staton-Tindall M Greenwell L Lin HJ Cartier J 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(3):225-253
Objectives
To test whether strengths-based case management provided during an inmate’s transition from incarceration to the community increases participation in community substance abuse treatment, enhances access to needed social services, and improves drug use, crime, and HIV risk outcomes. 相似文献110.
Lonna Rae Atkeson Alex N. Adams Lisa A. Bryant Luciana Zilberman Kyle L. Saunders 《Political Behavior》2011,33(1):161-178
Telephone surveys have been a principle means of learning about the attitudes and behaviors of citizens and voters. The single
mode telephone survey, however, is increasingly threatened by rising costs, the declining use of landline telephones, and
declining participation rates. One solution to these problems has been the introduction of mixed-mode surveys. However, such
designs are relatively new and questions about their representativeness and the intricacies of the methodology remain. We
report on the representativeness of a post election mixed-mode (Internet and mail) survey design of 2006 general election
voters. We compare sample respondent means to sample frame means on key demographic characteristics and examine how mail and
Internet respondents differed in terms of attitudes, behaviors and demographics. We find that overall the Internet respondents
were representative of the population and that respondent choice of mode did not influence item response. We conclude that
mixed-mode designs may allow researchers to ask important questions about political behavior from their desktops. 相似文献