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31.
Hazel M. Prelow Alexandra Loukas Lisa Jordan-Green 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):465-476
The direct and mediated effects of socioenvironmental risk on internalizing and externalizing problems among Latino youth
aged 10–14 were examined using prospective analyses. Participants in this study were 464 Latino mother and child dyads surveyed
as part of the Welfare, Children & Families: A Three City Study. It was hypothesized that socioenvironmental risk (i.e., maternal psychological distress, maternal parenting stress, neighborhood
disadvantage, and perceived financial strain) would influence later adolescent adjustment by interrupting important family
processes and interfering with opportunities for adolescents to develop appropriate social competence. Using path analyses,
the mediational model was compared across high and low acculturation groups. With two exceptions, the models for the high
and low acculturation groups were equivalent. Results supported a mediated effect between early socioenvironmental risk and
later adjustment problems for the low acculturation group through family routines and adolescent social competence. Among
families high in acculturation, socioenvironmental risk effects were partially mediated through family routines and adolescent
social competence. Finally, a path from gender to maternal monitoring was present in the low acculturation group model but
not the high acculturation group model.
Assistant professor at the University at Albany, State University of New York. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
from the University of North Texas. Her major research interests are risk and resiliency processes in minority youth.
Assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Michigan
State University. Her major research interests are the effects of microenvironmental factors in the externalizing and internalizing
behaviors of European American and Latino youth.
Assistant professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Michigan
State University. Her major research interests are risk and protective factors in children and adolescents at-risk because
of parental substance abuse. 相似文献
32.
J. M. Mond P. Marks P. J. Hay B. Rodgers C. Kelly C. Owen S. J. Paxton 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(6):753-762
This research examined the “mental health literacy” of adolescents concerning eating-disordered behavior. A vignette describing
a fictional 16-year old female meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa was presented to 522 female high school students,
followed by a series of questions concerning treatment of and treatment-seeking for the problem described. Results indicated
that primary care practitioners, mothers and close female friends were most highly regarded as potential sources of help.
Self-help interventions, including the use of vitamins and minerals, were also highly regarded, whereas participants were
less positive about the benefits of mental health specialists and ambivalent about the use of anti-depressant medication.
Most participants believed that the problem described would be difficult to treat, and that relapse was likely even given
appropriate treatment. An additional finding of note was that among participants with a high level of eating disorder symptoms
(n=36, 6.9%), recognition of an eating problem was poor. We conclude that beliefs likely to be conducive to low and/or inappropriate
treatment-seeking for eating problems may be common among adolescent girls. In addition, the findings suggest that prevention
programs for the eating disorders need to target not only at-risk individuals, but also individuals in their immediate social
environment. 相似文献
33.
Miller L France D Clemetson L Smalley S Carmichael M Scelfo J Miller L France D 《Newsweek》2002,139(9):42-9, 51-2
34.
Tumescent liposuction is a common cosmetic procedure that is performed as an outpatient service in physician's offices and is largely believed to be safe. The protuberant areas of the body containing the undesirable fat deposits are injected with normal saline containing lidocaine and epinephrine for pain control and hemostasis, and the waterlogged cells are suctioned out via cannula through a small incision. We recently encountered three cases in which deaths were attributed to this procedure. Two showed fat embolization in the lung and one died from fluid overload. The osmium tetroxide post-fixed lung sections showed fat emboli in the interstitial capillaries and arterioles. We reviewed the recent literature and found that pulmonary thromboemboli, fat embolization, fluid overload, and lidocaine and epinephrine intoxication are found at autopsy in many cases. Forensic pathologists responsible for determining the cause and manner of death should become familiar with the postmortem findings and risks of liposuction therapy and communicate them to their clinical colleagues and communities. 相似文献
35.
This article uses four models to identify the best predictors of state poverty levels and changes in state poverty rates since the implementation of welfare reform. The policy decisions based on the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) by the states are tested along with more traditional variables identified in the literature. Using several measures of state poverty, the analysis finds that those states with the lowest poverty rates are those with the healthiest economies, and the most generous state spending on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). States with the highest percentage of their TANF rolls made up of black citizens tend to have the highest rates of poverty. Initial poverty rates are found to be important in that states with higher initial poverty levels are capable of generating a larger reduction in poverty than states with lower initial rates. With the exception of limited evidence on sanctions, none of the PRWORA–based policies were found to have any effect on poverty rates. 相似文献
36.
37.
This longitudinal study investigates parent and child predictors of adolescents' perceived social support from peers. Adolescents (285) and their parents filled out surveys when students were 11 and 15 years of age. Parent reports of their own social support and child reports of parental support to them, depression, and self-esteem were used as predictors of adolescents' peer social support. Path analyses revealed functional dissimilarity in the predictive model, for boys and girls. For boys and girls, the amount of spousal support parents' reported impacted the amount of parent to child support that children reported. For boys, this relationship impacted their perceptions of peer support indirectly through depression. However, for girls, parents' own supportive relationships directly impacted both their self-esteem and depression, above and beyond parent to child support, which then impacted girls' peer social support. 相似文献
38.
39.
Belinda Rodgers McCarthy 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1979,4(2):16-29
Home furloughs are widely recognized as serving valid correctional aims. This was not always the case: when temporary release
programs were first established, prevailing penal philosophy emphasized isolation from the community and institutional efforts
to achieve inmate reform. It was not until penologists began to address the offender’s post-release adjustment difficulties
that temporary release came to be viewed as a valuable aid to offender rehabilitation. Today, the graduation of release that
home furloughs can provide make temporary release programs a routine and valuable aspect of correctional programming.
Home furloughs can serve a variety of correctional objectives in addition to their principal function of facilitating inmate
readjustment to the community. Temporary respites from confinement may humanize the prison experience and promote therapeutic
goals. Home visits may act as incentives for good inmate behavior and may serve broader aims than those addressed by more
narrowly focused conjugal visiting programs. Finally, observations of the offender’s performance on furlough may assist parole
officials in evaluating an offender’s readiness for release.
Although the future of temporary release programs is unclear, it appears that the multitude of functions served by home visits
will insure their place in correctional programming. However new influences on correctional managers, such as the reforms
proposed in the “justice model for corrections,” will undoubtedly modify the administration of temporary release programs
and may well lead to some unanticipated consequences for the correctional community. 相似文献
40.
Three- to nine-year-old children were interviewed about a medical emergency (injury requiring hospital ER treatment) two years
after it occurred. Half of the number of children had been interviewed shortly after injury as well as 6 and 12 months later,
while the remaining children had had only one prior interview a year after injury. There was remarkably little long-term deterioration
in memory by both groups. Having a delayed initial interview had two effects, and both were relevant only to the harder-to-remember
hospital treatment event: (a) The late-interview group was less accurate, and (b) early-interview children had more extensive
free recall, suggesting that multiple prior interviews teach children the “rules of the memory game' when they are asked
open-ended questions. Forensic implications are discussed. 相似文献