The effects of national cultures on two technologically advanced countries: The case of e-leadership in South Korea and the United States

The increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has triggered enormous innovation in the public sector and created positive public value at the managerial, delivery of services, and policy levels. However, these positive outcomes do not automatically accrue simply by adoption of ICTs as public leaders can fail to adopt relevant new ICTs, use them poorly, or use them in ways that actually diminish public value, which raises the question of the importance of e-leadership. This article examines e-leadership and innovation capacity at the individual public manager level and fills in some gaps about the practice and implementation of ICTs in the public sector. We explore eight research questions useful in theorizing about e-leadership, develop constructs of e-leadership, and describe the current development of e-leadership. By comparing e-leadership in two country settings (South Korea and the United States), we also overcome the limitations of the existing Western-oriented studies about innovations in the public sector. In addition to the growth of e-leadership use and requirements for a variety of competencies equivalent to, but separate from, traditional communication competences, we find that national cultures exert significant influence on the major constructs of e-leadership, which implies that an effective e-leadership strategy should consider cultural contexts seriously.     

现代化进程中的文化危机与自信

在现代化进程中我们始终面临着文化危机。为应对文化危机的挑战,我们对中国特色社会主义文化进行了重新建构。这种建构使我们初步找回了文化上的自信,但至少还有三个问题需要反思。如何在反思中筑牢文化自信的根基,则提出了四个应对策略。     

Fatal Methemoglobinemia Due to Acute Inhalation of Methyl Nitrite in an Industrial Accident

Methyl nitrite is suggested to cause methemoglobinemia by generating methemoglobin, which may be lethal when the methemoglobin concentration exceeds 70%. However, intoxication with methyl nitrite is seldom reported compared with that with other nitrites. Here, we present an industrial accident involving methyl nitrite inhalation during its synthesis process that resulted in three fatalities and one survivor. The autopsy revealed conspicuous blue-gray discoloration in various parts of the body, including the skin, airway mucosa, vessels, brain, heart, and among other areas. The toxicological tests on the deceased showed methemoglobin concentrations in the blood over the lethal level and increased nitrite ion levels in the blood, gastric contents, liver, and lung tissue compared with those in control samples. The cause of death was determined to be methemoglobinemia-induced hypoxia due to methyl nitrite inhalation. This report provides evidence that in methyl nitrite intoxication, exposure duration has a significant influence on the postmortem changes and likelihood of a fatal outcome may be related to the age of the victim. More attention is required regarding the industrial hazards of this substance.     

IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状及应用展望

过敏性休克导致死亡的案例在法医学实践中常有发生,然而由于缺少特异的病理形态学指征,导致过敏性休克死亡的法医学鉴定面临一定的困难。IgE作为介导I型超敏反应的关键介质,其死后生化学检测对过敏性休克死亡案例的法医学鉴定具有辅助作用。但在实际应用中,血液等检材常受溶血等死后变化因素影响,尤其我国尸体保存以冷冻为主,溶血程度更加严重,对IgE等生化学指标的检测造成极大干扰。本文就目前IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状、生物学检材的选取及检测方法进行综述,并对现实应用中所面临的问题进行探讨。     

北京市民办幼儿园教职工权益维护路径研究

民办幼儿园教职工队伍已逐步成为我国学前教育的主力军,其权益维护状况直接影响着这支队伍的稳定与发展,由于价值观念、顶层设计、制度落实等方面因素的影响,民办幼儿园教职工队伍存在着不公、不畅、不明朗的障碍,本文从北京市民办幼儿园教职工权益维护面临的就业、收入、安全、保障、参与、职业发展等方面的实际问题入手,通过系统研究分析,提出了相应的政策建议。     

高校马克思主义理论教育的创新

创新是21世纪的主题,“创新是一个民族的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭之力,也是一个政党永葆生机的源泉。”尤其是对我们中国这样一个发展中的大国而言,创新更有着及其重要的意义。同样,高校马克思主义理论教育的生命力也在于创新,在当前各种复杂的情况下,研究马克思主义理论教育的创新具有相当重要的意义。     

以科学发展观为指导深化高职教育改革与建设

本文总结了学校坚持以科学发展观为指导,在专业建设、课程改革、教学科研、实训基地建设、师资队伍建设、校园文化、校企合作等方面所进行的探索和取得的成绩。为今后的学校的建设和发展提供参考。     

政府绩效管理研究的知识图谱与热点主题

20世纪70年代以来,政府绩效管理日益成为公共管理学科的研究热点.以SSCI收录期刊的620篇政府绩效管理文献为分析样本,采用文献计量分析方法,得出国际上政府绩效管理研究的一般状况,包括文献量增长、核心作者、主要研究机构等.通过知识图谱分析,得出国际上政府绩效管理研究形成了四个核心知识区域或研究范畴,即完善电子政府提高政府绩效、政府绩效的测量、公共组织绩效以及社会文化和政府绩效.国际政府绩效管理研究具体有10个热点主题:绩效测量、政府公共服务质量、绩效管理的价值取向、绩效预算、绩效评估体系与机制、公共组织的绩效评估、政府绩效管理的多元参与、电子政府与绩效改进、政府人力资源管理与绩效改进、绩效管理的立法研究.国际政府绩效管理研究呈现出跨学科研究视角、核心知识范畴基本形成、高校是核心研究力量等特点.     

马克思主体性理论对"空巢"村农民主体建设的启示

马克思以实践为基础的主体性理论认为人只有在对象性活动中才能确证自己的主体地位和主体性：人的主体性具有能动性、创造性和自主性特征。这一理论要求“空巢”村农民主体建设要理清农民劳动力结构,定位新农村建设农民主体;宴尊重农民意愿,凸显农民主体能动性和创造性;要改变农民社会关系,确保农民主体自主性的发挥。     

公共治理的空间结构及其转变——基于转型社会中公共权力行动边界的分析

公共治理空间体现了公共权力在作用于一定的社会生活领域时所拓展的协调与控制社会能动性的幅度和深度.在转型社会中,公共治理空间一般由显性一隐性空间构成.相应地,制度和惯习、制度性边界和惯习性边界的互生与外衍构成了公共治理显性-隐性空间的衍生条件与约束机制;而隐性治理空间的存续对公共治理总体格局而言亦有着积极和消极两个方面,由此决定着公共治理空间结构的宏观功能.伴随着社会转型的持续推进和不断深化,应通过公共权力运行场域的再造与行动边界的整合实现公共治理空间结构的转变.