中国古代书证的演进及司法实践

自从中国上古时期发明文字以来,就出现了最早的书证形式。我国先秦以前的书证非常简略,大多书写在木简、竹简、金石器物和布帛之上,非常不便。随着造纸技术的发明和纸张的广泛使用,书证适用于各种民事、刑事和行政诉讼领域。纸张的普及推动了中国古代书证制度的发展,同时也带来了容易伪造的弊端。为了防止伪造和变造书证,历代法典都设有相关的法律条文,对伪造书证的行为给予严惩。针对书证容易伪造和变造的特点,采取了许多预防性措施,如让双方当事人、保人、见证人在各类书证上签字画押,在公、私文书上加盖印章,以保障书证的真实性。书证制度的出现,使中国古代的审判制度从西周以后迅速摆脱了夏商以来野蛮落后的神明裁判方式,向着更加文明化的方向发展。中国古代书证制度的发达,对于减少诉讼成本、降低原被告双方的举证难度也具有重要的作用。书证制度的发展也推动了中国古代法律制度层面的建设,有助于提高民众的法律意识。     

兵团实行党代表大会代表任期制工作调研报告

按照兵团党委深入学习实践科学发展观活动“突出实践特色”和“解决突出问题”的要求，为紧密结合兵团实际，切实组织落实好《中国共产党全国代表大会和地方各级代表大会代表任期制暂行条例》（以下简称《党代表任期制暂行条例》），兵团党委组织部开展了“兵团实行党代表大会代表任期制工作”的专题调研。     

浅谈温州私营企业劳动关系及工会组建工作

近年来 ,在温州非公经济组织工会组建工作快速发展的形势下 ,工会组织应注意数量与质量的关系 ,积极发挥工会稳定劳动关系的重要作用。此外 ,还应该结合私营企业自身特点来贯彻实施《劳动法》 ,根据外来工的特点制定地方性法规 ,以保障他们的各项劳动权益。特别要抓紧对私营企业工会干部的培训工作。     

非对称信息条件下现代企业融资结构

从信息非对称性角度和现代企业融资结构理论的基本观点看,决定企业融资结构的因素以及其对企业治理的作用,往往会受到当事人信息非对称性因素的影响.因此,在理论上全面比较分析融资结构理论,并提出可供借鉴的理论模式,对企业来说,就具有决定性的意义.     

Milestone in the Protection of Human Rights on the Part of the Accused ——From the Supreme People’s Court recovery of death sentence approval authority

The protection of human rights on the part of the accused is the core of modern human rights protection, known as the barometer of human rights condi-     

Putin’s Dream of a Eurasian Union: Background, Objectives and Possibilities

Russia is trying to establish a Eurasian Economic Union with a Free Trade Area under the CIS, a Customs Union and a Unified Economic Space under the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community. Its ultimate goal is to achieve integration of former USSR satellites and make it into one of the world’s top powers.     

When evaluators disagree: Perplexities and perspectives

It is often held that one function served by evaluation in the fields of education and social policy generally is to assist the administrator in the making of rational decisions. If, under these circumstances, several evaluators come to different conclusions about a research proposal or a pilot social program, on what basis can the administrator make his decision? He can hardly be expected to resolve any technical dispute between the experts who are his advisors. After discussing the various functions of the evaluation process, and analyzing some of the factors that may lead to such lack of consensus amongst experts, the paper recommends that if the administrator is concerned solely with making a rationally defensible decision, then he should select his evaluating panel so that all members share the same theoretical orientation.     

公安信访工作长效机制建设研究

公安信访工作是构建和谐社会的一项基础性工作。近年来公安信访工作长效机制建设取得许多创新，但同时也存在一些不容忽视的问题。当前应科学把握公安信访工作长效机制的构成，有针对性地解决公安信访工作长效机制建设中存在的问题，着力推进公安信访工作长效机制的信息化、法治化建设。