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21.
Lorie Charlesworth 《Liverpool Law Review》1999,21(2-3):149-167
This article considers the historical development of certain aspects of poor relief in England and Wales and their connection
with the treatment of vagrants. It will argue that it is the historical link between early statutes controlling both the movement
of labourers and the destitute in the fourteenth century and the later parochial responsibility for the relief of poverty
which led both to the inclusion of vagrancy provisions within the 1601 Poor Relief Act, and the continuing quasi-legal connection
between vagrancy provisions and the relief of poverty. A nexus of punishment was created within the operation of the poor
law by the two-fold role of justices of the peace; these officials not only adjudicated the settlement laws, but were also
responsible for the legal control of vagrancy. The article will argue that this contributed to the harshness of the 1834 poor
law reforms, and continues with contemporary approaches to the relief of poverty via Social Security legislation which prioritises
the control of claimant fraud above the rights of the individual to relief from want.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
This study examined agency-level factors that impact the level of violence against police. The independent variables represented both agency context (e.g., violent crime rate, population characteristics) and agency policies and practices (e.g., backup and body armor policies) and were linked to constructs within routine activities theory. Information on agency policies and practices came from an agency survey. Data for the dependent variable―agency counts of officer killings and assaults over a three-year period―came from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Negative binomial regression was used to assess the impact of the independent variables on the dependent measure. Three of the independent variables—measuring body armor policies, agency accountability, and violent crime—had statistically significant relationships with violence against police. 相似文献
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This article argues that the work of the hedgerow poet John Clare is invaluable for legal social history in illuminating the
reality of the operation of the poor law as it affected the lives of the poor. Clare's poem,The Parish, written between 1823–6 was not published during the author's lifetime. Written as he first achieved fame, it consists of
2,202 lines of satire denouncing the cant and hypocrisy he himself had witnessed and experienced in local village life. His
Parish was his settlement parish where he and his parents were subject to the power of the vestry and local officials. This piece
considers the text within the context of the legal history of the poor law. The value ofThe Parish as a primary source for that legal history is not merely in the simple narrative of biographical events allied to the poet's
words, evocative as they are. It lies in the subtleties of Clare's own ambiguity about being poor and in the way those ambiguities
assist us today both in understanding Clare's times and values and in hearing Clare mediating the universal experience of
poverty through his art.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
25.
Lorie Charlesworth 《Liverpool Law Review》2000,22(2-3):287-289
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Frontline youth workers’ ability to form strong, positive relationships with program youth is a key element in maximizing the benefits of program participation. A recent National Collaboration of Youth (2006) report identified six elements associated with youth workers’ competency to complete their professional roles: compensation, training opportunities, supportive work environment, clear work roles, sense that work is valued, and networking opportunities. The current study investigated whether having these elements predicted 459 youth workers’ self-reported job competency in forming positive relationships with youth. Regression analyses revealed that job efficacy, clarity of work roles, and benefits significantly predicted competency in forming strong relationships with program youth. Findings are discussed in relation to practice implications for the youth work field. 相似文献