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901.
Edmond P. Bowers Yibing Li Megan K. Kiely Aerika Brittian Jacqueline V. Lerner Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):720-735
The understanding of positive development across adolescence rests on having a valid and equivalent measure of this construct across the breadth of this period of life. Does the Positive Youth Development (PYD) construct based on the Five Cs model have satisfactory psychometric properties for such longitudinal measurement invariance? Using longitudinal data derived from the 4-H Study of PYD, we assessed 920 youth (61.6% female) from a racially and ethically diverse sample (67.3% European American) who participated in three waves (Grades 8–10) of data collection. Building on prior findings that the Five Cs (i.e., Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring) model of PYD was a robust measure that could be assessed comparably during early adolescence, we tested a hierarchy of second-order confirmatory factor analysis models to assess the extent to which PYD can be measured equivalently across middle adolescence. Evidence was found for strict measurement invariance across three measurement occasions, including equivalence of first-order and second-order factor loadings, equality of intercepts of observed variables, and equality of item uniqueness and disturbances of the first-order factors. These results suggest that PYD can be measured in the same way across measurement occasions, a prerequisite for the study of development. Implications for research and application of being able to measure PYD equivalently across adolescence are discussed. 相似文献
902.
Ellen H. O’Donnell Melissa Moreau Esteban V. Cardemil Alisha Pollastri 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(1):12-22
Research on the mechanisms by which interparental conflict (IPC) affects child depression suggests that both parenting and
children’s conflict appraisals play important roles, but few studies have explored the role of general cognitive style or
included both parenting and cognitions in the same design. Moreover, the effects of IPC on minority children are not well
understood. In this longitudinal study, parenting was examined as a mediator of the relation between increasing IPC and change
in depression. General cognitive style was included as a moderator. The combined influence of parenting and cognitions was
also explored. A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 88 fifth and sixth graders from two urban schools reported their
cognitive style, depressive symptoms, and perceptions of conflict and parenting at two time points separated by one year.
Parental warmth/rejection mediated the relation between IPC and depression, and general cognitive style acted as a moderator.
Parenting, cognitive style, and IPC did not significantly interact to predict change in depression over time. Findings indicate
that both parenting and children’s general cognitive style play a role in understanding the impact of increasing IPC on children’s
well-being. 相似文献
903.
Using a risk and resiliency theoretical framework, the association between interparental conflict and academic achievement
was examined. The sample consisted of 2,297 6th grade youth with a mean age of 11.92. Participants were mostly European American
(81.8%) and 52% were girls. Results demonstrated that interparental conflict is a risk factor for lower academic achievement,
suggesting that family interactions play a significant role in how youth perform in the academic setting. Youth self-blame
acted as a significant mediator, providing some explanation for how interparental conflict affects academic achievement. Maternal
acceptance and monitoring knowledge partially buffered the association between interparental conflict and youth self-blame.
Additionally, the positive association between interparental conflict and perceived threat was stronger for youth who perceived
relationships with mothers as more supportive, connected, and involved. Results from this study underscore the need for continued
focus on the link between family and school environments with respect to youth developmental outcomes. 相似文献
904.
905.
Steinunn Gestsdottir Edmond Bowers Alexander von Eye Christopher M. Napolitano Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):764-782
Intentional self regulation describes how people make choices, plan actions to reach their goals, and regulate the execution
of their actions, making processes of intentional self regulation central to healthy human functioning. Prior research has
confirmed the presence of three processes of intentional self regulation—elective selection (ES), optimization (O), and compensation
(C)—in middle adolescence (Grades 8 through 10) and concurrent and predictive relationships with measures of Positive Youth
Development (PYD). A fourth process, loss-based selection (LBS), should also develop by the end of middle adolescence. The
present study used data from the 4-H Study of PYD to confirm the presence of a four-scale structure of intentional self regulation
(ES, O, C, and LBS) in a sample of 2,357 racially diverse Grade 10 youth (63% female) and examine its covariation with indicators
of positive and problematic development. Results supported the identification of a four-part structure of intentional self
regulation, and scores covaried positively with indicators of PYD and negatively with substance use, delinquency, and depressive
symptoms. Implications of the findings for the understanding of self-regulatory actions in adolescence and for future research
are discussed. 相似文献
906.
907.
Ara Wilson 《Feminist Legal Studies》2010,18(1):53-67
This essay investigates the political economy of sexuality through an interpretation of sex shows for foreigners in Bangkok,
Thailand. Reading these performances as both symptoms of, and analytical commentaries on, Western consumer desire, the essay
suggests the ‘pussy shows’ parody the mass production that was a hallmark of Western masculine identity under Fordism. This
reading makes a case for the erotic generativity of capitalism, illuminating how Western, post-Fordist political economy of
the post-1970s generated demand for these erotic services in Asia and how Western, heterosexual masculine desire is integrated
into global capitalist circuits. 相似文献
908.
Deborah Cheney 《Feminist Legal Studies》2010,18(2):115-136
This article discusses the work of Dr Mary Louisa Gordon, who was appointed as the first English Lady Inspector of Prisons
in 1908, and remained in post until 1921. Her attitude towards and treatment of women prisoners, as explained in her 1922
book Penal Discipline, stands in sharp contrast to that of her male contemporaries, and the categorisation of her approach as ‘feminist’ is reinforced
by her documented connections with the suffragette movement. Yet her feminist and suffragist associations also resulted in
the marginalisation and dismissal of her work, such that Mary Gordon and Penal Discipline are virtually unknown today. Nevertheless, her insights into the position and needs of women prisoners retain a striking
contemporary relevance. 相似文献
909.
910.
Tracy M. Scull Janis B. Kupersmidt Alison E. Parker Kristen C. Elmore Jessica W. Benson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):981-998
Two cross-sectional studies investigated media influences on adolescents’ substance use and intentions to use substances in
the context of exposure to parental and peer risk and protective factors. A total of 729 middle school students (n = 351, 59% female in Study 1; n = 378, 43% female in Study 2) completed self-report questionnaires. The sample in Study 1 was primarily African-American
(52%) and the sample in Study 2 was primarily Caucasian (63%). Across the two studies, blocks of media-related cognitions
made unique contributions to the prediction of adolescents’ current substance use and intentions to use substances in the
future above and beyond self-reported peer and parental influences. Specifically, identification with and perceived similarity
to media messages were positively associated with adolescents’ current substance use and intentions to use substances in the
future, and critical thinking about media messages and media message deconstruction skills were negatively associated with
adolescents’ intention to use substances in the future. Further, peer influence variables (e.g., peer pressure, social norms,
peer substance use) acted as risk factors, and for the most part, parental influence variables (e.g., parental pressure to
not use, perceived parental reaction) acted as protective factors. These findings highlight the importance of developing an
increased understanding of the role of media messages and media literacy education in the prevention of substance use behaviors
in adolescence. 相似文献