Le modéle-idéal de gestion des professionnels: le point de vue des gestionnaires

Sommaire: Le nombre de professionnels salariés croict de façon réguliere sur le marche du travail. Pourtant, selon certains auteurs, les grandes organisations bureaucratiques n'auraient pas suffisamment pris en compte les aspirations et valeurs des travailleurs intellectuels. II existerait, dans le secteur public, un malaise generalise et constaté, y compris le sentiment de nombreux professionnels que leur organisation ne les valorise pas vraiment. Pour satisfaire leurs aspirations, il s'agirait de mettre en place des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines innovatrices favorisant une meilleure atmosphère de travail, une nouvelle forme de pensée oú l'integrite professionnelle et les finalites organisationnelles seraient maintenues et valorisées. Le but de l'article est de cerner le point de vue des gestionnaires sur la façon de gerer la main-d'oeuvre professionnelle dans leurs organisations. Cette analyse sera effectuee a partir du modele-idéal de gestion des professionnels. Notre etude démontre qu'il serait possible de satisfaire davantage les aspirations professionnelles en matière d'intégration des nouveaux employés, d'appreciation du travail par le superieur, d'amenagement du temps de travail, de signature du travail et d'autonomie. Cependant, les besoins de participation, de communication, de developpe-ment de la carriere et de responsabilisation des professionnels seraient plus difficiles a combler dans des milieux de travail ou il y a centralisation de la prise de decision. Enfin, en matière de mobilite, les aspirations professionnelles seraient limitees par diverses clauses de conventions collectives, de meme que par le type de culture qui existe actuellement dans les organisations du secteur public. Abstract: The number of salaried professionals in the labour market is growing steadily. According to some writers, however, large bureaucratic organizations have not taken sufficient account of the values and expectations of non-manual workers. These writers contend that within the public sector a generalized malaise is expressed in several ways, including the feeling among many professionals that they are not truly appreciated by their organization. To deal with these expectations, innovative human resources management practices should be adopted to promote a better work atmosphere and new thinking through which professional integrity and organizational purposes could be maintained and enhanced. This article seeks to define the perspective of managers on the management of professional employees within their organizations. The analysis begins with the presentation of an ideal model of professional management and shows that it is possible to meet more effectively professional expectations in the field of new-employee integration, work appréciation by superiors, timetable adjustments, work recognition and responsibility. Satisfying professional needs for participation, communication, career development arid empowerment would be more difficult in organizations where decision-making is centralized. Finally, regarding mobility, professional expectations would be limited by several collective-agreement clauses, as well as by the type of corporate culture that presently prevails in public-sector organizations.     

Socialist Intergovernmental Policy During the Mitterrand Era

Many observers of French politics see intergovernmental decentralizationas President Mitterrand's most impressive domestic policy accomplishment.This article assesses the current state of affairs in the Frenchintergovernmental system by focusing on how Socialist reformshave altered relations among levels since the early 1980s. Itexamines the Mitterrand government's most recent effort to addressremaining nettlesome issues in a system that is, ten years afterthe first legislation, still very much influx. Using evolutionin intergovernmental finances as an indicator of changing center/peripheryrelations, this study reveals both fundamental transformationsand significant continuity in the French system.     

New Public Management and ‘Photocopy’ Bargaining in the Australian Public Service

The industrial relations policy of the Federal Coalition Government is to encourage industrial bargaining to occur at the enterprise or individual level, free from ‘outside’ influences. While it encourages devolved bargaining at the agency and individual level within the Public Service (Australian Public Service) this policy creates tensions with its role as a centralized policy maker, economic manager and employer of the APS workforce. It also conflicts with the APS' adoption of New Public Management. In practice, the government retains considerable centralised control over agency bargaining outcomes, which is a de facto method of pattern bargaining. By analysing the substantive outcomes from nine APS agency level certified agreements (hours of work, pay and leave entitlements), the article discusses whether this one size fits all' model is evidence of an appreciation that public sector industrial relations is separate and distinct from private sector industrial relations, or another example of duplicity in the federal coalition government's ideology driven approach to industrial relations.     

Hidden transcripts: The micropolitics of gender in Commonwealth universities

The knowledge economy is a globalised policy discourse which relates particularly to higher education. The findings from the empirical data in the five countries, backed up by international literature, suggest that for many women, entry into higher education can be a means of mitigating gender oppression e.g. via social mobility, financial independence, professional identity and academic authority. However, this is accompanied by contradictions and tensions as women experience a range of discriminatory practices, gendered processes and exclusions within higher education itself. Women report male privilege in pedagogical processes, assessment, promotion and research opportunities and management. A repeated theme is how women perceive fewer opportunities to develop academic capital and how women's professional and intellectual capital are devalued and misrecognised in the knowledge economy.All five countries reported that gender has a significant impact on academic and professional identity formation. Gendered power relations symbolically and materially construct and regulate women's everyday experiences of higher education. Similar concerns about women's unequal status are articulated in spite of different socio-economic and national policy contexts. The gendered environment impedes women's progress as staff and has a detrimental effect on the learning environment for students. Gendered differences are relayed and reinforced in classrooms, boardrooms, and via everyday social practices. These practices need to be exposed and challenged in order for the wider aspirations of gender equity policy initiatives to be achieved.

Endnote

¹ This means something below standard, of poor quality.     

The saliency of gestural misinformation in the perception of a violent crime

Recent research has revealed that misinformation from gestures can influence eyewitness memory. However, it is still unclear whether gestural misinformation can emulate the effects of verbal misinformation on the reporting of major details in serious crimes. To investigate the salience of suggestions provided nonverbally, and how these compare to those made verbally, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants watched footage of a crime scene and were presented with one of two types of gestures during questioning that suggested different interpretations of the crime. The results confirmed that the gestures influenced responses, with participants altering their interpretation of the crime according to the information gestured to them. Experiment 2 built on this to investigate how comparable gestural influence was to verbal influence. The results revealed that gestural misinformation caused participants to alter their interpretation of the crime and elicited the same effects as verbal misinformation. Across the two experiments, participants were unlikely to identify the misleading gestures or report feeling misled by them. These results reveal new insights into the strength of gestural misinformation and show that, despite their subtle nature in communication, gestures can exert a powerful influence in eyewitness interviews.     

The Psychological Impact of Previous Victimization: Examining the “Abuse Defense” in a Sample of Harassment Litigants

The present study examines the impact of previous sexual victimization on emotional distress in a sample of women (n?=?492) involved in a sexual harassment class action lawsuit. Sexual harassment was found to predict symptoms of PTSD and general symptoms of anxiety, over and above the effects of previous victimization and other relevant personal variables; it also predicted depression and self-esteem, although previous victimization had a stronger impact on these variables than did sexual harassment. The effects of previous victimization and sexual harassment on emotional distress appeared to be independent and cumulative. The legal and clinical relevance of these findings are discussed.     

The Victim as Policy Agent? Exploring a Single Case from Denmark

European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research - Criminal policy processes often appear abstract and illusive, but sometimes a single criminal incident causes traceable policy impact. This...     

Developmental Relations Between Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Middle Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Do Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Mediate Their Links?

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Previous research has suggested that bullying victimization is associated with higher suicidal risk among young people; however, the mechanisms underlying this...