Authoritarian Regimes and Their Permitted Oppositions: Election Day Outcomes in Cuba

Electoral opposition to long‐established authoritarian regimes may be loyal or rejectionist. Loyal oppositionists vote to send a selective signal to rulers; rejectionist oppositionists vote blank or void the ballot in full disapproval. In Cuba, the number of candidates equals the number of seats, yet voters may vote blank, void, or selectively (choosing some but not all candidates on the ballot), although the Communist Party has campaigned for all candidates. This article uses a unique dataset for Cuba's 2013 National Assembly elections to study aggregate opposition outcomes. It shows the emergence of a loyal opposition, which sometimes votes for and sometimes against Communist Party candidates. The rejectionist opposition, stable over time, never votes for Communist Party candidates; it is found where the Communist Party behaves monopolistically. This combined opposition has better national‐level political information; it comes from more educated or larger urban areas or areas closer to Havana.     

Entre la pampa del lenguaje y el alambrado de la escritura: la mancha roja como síntoma de la ambigüedad de lo real en La ocasión de Juan José Saer

La presencia recurrente del color rojo en La ocasión de Saer desempeña una función desestabilizadora en relación a la representación figurativa. En el artículo se establecen analogías entre esta función y el elemento voluble, no mimético de la pintura que el pensador e historiador de arte, Georges Didi-Huberman, denomina como “pan” en contraste con el detalle, categoría asociada con el carácter icónico de la pintura. Al igual que el “pan”, las manchas rojas en la novela apuntan a la dimensión de lo real que se resiste a la legibilidad y señala los límites de la narrativa realista. Saer se vale de contrastes cromáticos para aludir a tensiones políticas y epistemólogicas y a las paradojas de escribir una novela situada en el siglo diecinueve pero incorporando la experiencia literaria del siglo veinte.     

Administrative Innovations and Accountability Failures: The Termination of the Spanish Telecommunications Agency

We discuss how far accountability practices may be relevant to the success of independent regulators in countries without a tradition of administrative autonomy. We develop a conceptualisation of agency accountability failures and develop an analytical framework to examine the life and termination of the Spanish regulatory agency for telecommunications, CMT (Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones - Telecommunications Market Commission). We argue that the CMT’s termination was related, among other reasons, to accountability failures in its institutional design. The paper relies on a variety of sources, including legislation, literature, media coverage, and semistructured interviews with agency officials and several stakeholders.     

Ritual Demonstrations versus Reactive Protests: Participation Across Mobilizing Contexts in Mexico City

Using an innovative survey of protest participants and nonparticipants from five major street demonstrations in Mexico City in 2011 and 2012, this study tests the assumption that influences on protest participation vary across different types of events; namely, ritual demonstrations and reactive protests. The comparison is based on two assumptions: that these are two of the dominant forms of protest in contemporary Latin America, and that specifying the context for different types of social movement participation provides a better understanding of the individual mobilization process for groups seeking to defend their rights or gain new benefits. The comparative analyses reveal some crucial differences. Political interest and previous political experience are more influential in the decision to take part in reactive demonstrations. For ritual demonstrations, the decision to participate tends to be driven more by personal and organizational connections.     

International product life cycles,trade and development stages

The Journal of Technology Transfer - In this paper we first propose a proxy for early stage activity in a country’s exports based on product life cycle theory. Employing a conditional latent...     

毛泽东与过渡时期总路线的提出:几个重要关节点的再考察

关于毛泽东提出过渡时期总路线的原因和过程,学术界已有很深人的研究,但对提出过程中的几个重要关节点,如：为什么说毛泽东在1952年9月24日中央书记处会议上的讲话提出了“从现在开始过渡”的新设想?过渡时期总路线的基本轮廓是何时形成的?1953年6月政治局会议讨论的是什么文件?毛泽东的讲话都涉及哪些内容?通过国家资本主义改造资本主义商业的政策是何时确定下来的?在从建设新民主主义到实行过渡时期总路线的理论转换中,中央领导人之间有何认识上的差异?这些具体而又重要的问题,仍有进一步考察的必要。对此作出说明和某些史实上的补充、订正,有助于认识的细化和深化。     

论亚洲经济一体化

在市场力量和各国政府的推动下,亚洲的区域合作与经济一体化正在蓬勃开展,不仅是东亚地区,南亚、中亚、西亚地区的经济一体化也出现良好的发展势头,同时还出现了跨次区域经济一体化趋势。本文论述了亚洲经济一体化的发展现状,着重分析了东盟、中国、日本、韩国和印度的区域经济一体化战略,并勾画了“泛亚洲经济共同体”蓝图。目前,亚洲经济一体化的显著特点是各种形式、各种范围的区域合作机制并存,这一局面仍将继续。     

德国网络言论自由保护与立法规制及其对我国的启示

随着网络日益成为人们生活中的重要元素,网络言论自由的保护与立法规制也成为法律视野中的重要问题。德国在网络言论自由的保护上延续了宪法对言论自由的保护,但同时颁布了《多元媒体法》进行专门的立法规制。从与美国的网络言论规制比较来看,这是由网络言论的双重属性决定的,也与德国在网络言论保护上的价值取向和传统言论自由保护的方式有关。我国应从此两个方面入手,结合自身特点,实现网络言论自由的保护和立法规制。     

“十四五”及更长一段时期高校毕业生等青年劳动力供需趋势研究

青年劳动力的供给与需求情况是分析青年就业问题的关键。研究使用第七次全国人口普查数据、《中国劳动统计年鉴》数据和《中国教育统计年鉴》数据,对“十四五”及更长一段时期我国青年劳动力供给和分行业的新增劳动力需求情况进行了分析。研究发现：2010年以来,我国高校毕业生数量呈现扩张趋势,供给不断增加;预测结果显示,从当前到2035年,我国劳动力市场将面临供大于求的非均衡态势,特别是高校毕业生数量增多和扩招积压效应叠加,高校毕业生等青年群体就业压力将进一步凸显。研究建议,可以从增强人岗匹配度、优化就业条件、加强就业帮扶、积极引导青年投身乡村振兴等4个方面化解供给冲击和结构矛盾,促进广大高校毕业生等青年群体实现高质量充分就业。     

地方政府经济职能越位的表现、成因及矫正

地方政府经济职能的越位,已成为困扰我国经济发展的一大顽疾。这一问题不解决,我们的社会主义市场经济体制就不能真正完善和发展。只有进行制度创新,才能协调社会各个方面的利益关系,构建社会主义和谐社会才能得以实现。