Permanent teeth development in a Spanish sample. Application to dental age estimation

The purpose of this study is to clarify the chronology of different stages of dental development, according to Demirjian, in a sample of Spanish children, which will enable us to build a database that will be used as a reference in regard to the dental development of individuals of our socio-geographic environment. In the same studied sample, a calculation of the dental age according to Demirjian was carried out. This study was conducted in a final sample consisting of 1010 orthopantograms, corresponding to Spanish children (485 boys and 525 girls) ages 2-16. Comparing the age of onset of the different stages among the children, evidence was found that girls had an earlier general development than boys. These differences were only statistically significant in teeth and concrete stages. The canine teeth revealed greater gender dimorphism, with significant differences in all stages compared with the upper canines. The method proposed by Demirjian for dental age calculation resulted in a significant overestimation of dental age in relation to the chronological age in boys (average of 0.87 years) and girls (average of 0.55 years). Data from this study may be used as reference for dental maturity, as well as a standard for estimating age in Spanish children.     

Predicting discharge in forensic psychiatry: the legal and psychosocial factors associated with long and short stays in forensic psychiatric hospitals

In Germany, both the number of patients treated in forensic psychiatric hospitals and the average inpatient treatment period have been increasing for over thirty years. Biographical and clinical factors, e.g., the number of prior offences, type of offence, and psychiatric diagnosis, count among the factors that influence the treatment duration and the likelihood of discharge. The aims of the current study were threefold: (1) to provide an estimate of the German forensic psychiatric patient population with a low likelihood of discharge, (2) to replicate a set of personal variables that predict a relatively high, as opposed to a low, likelihood of discharge from forensic psychiatric hospitals, and (3) to describe a group of other factors that are likely to add to the existing body of knowledge. Based on a sample of 899 patients, we applied a battery of primarily biographical and other personal variables to two subgroups of patients. The first subgroup of patients had been treated in a forensic psychiatric hospital according to section 63 of the German legal code for at least ten years (long-stay patients, n=137), whereas the second subgroup had been released after a maximum treatment period of four years (short-stay patients, n=67). The resulting logistic regression model had a high goodness of fit, with more than 85% of the patients correctly classified into the groups. In accordance with earlier studies, we found a series of personal variables, including age at first admission and type of offence, to be predictive of a short or long-stay. Other findings, such as the high number of immigrants among the short-stay patients and the significance of a patient's work time before admission to a forensic psychiatric hospital, are more clearly represented than has been observed in previous research.     

Are there population differences in minutiae frequencies? A comparative study of two Argentinian population samples and one Spanish sample

In recent years, both scientific and judicial sources have highlighted the need for more knowledge about minutiae variability, in order to improve their statistical application to fingerprint identification. In line with this trend toward improving our knowledge of this subject, the aim of the present study was to calculate the frequency with which 20 types of minutiae appeared in 2780 fingerprint impressions obtained from 278 individuals from two Argentinian population samples (100 individuals from Ramal and 178 from Puna-Quebrada). The different types of minutiae were located, identified, and quantified visually in two areas on the fingerprint, the inside and outside of a circle, the radius of which cut fifteen ridges perpendicularly, starting from the center cut of the axes defining the sectors. The non-equiprobability found in both population samples for the different minutiae types studied demonstrated that the evidential weight provided by these characteristics is not the same when applied in identification processes, whether used quantitatively (numerical standard) or qualitatively (holistic method). The results obtained for both populations were compared statistically with those published previously for a Spanish population sample, which had been collected using the same methodology. This comparison has enabled us to demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of significant differences between populations in minutiae frequencies, independently from the main pattern type.     

腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马LC3和Beclin1的表达

目的研究腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1的表达及其意义。方法 SD大鼠30只随机分为用药组和对照组,用药组大鼠以5mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射氯胺酮,每间隔30min 1次,共5次。对照组予以等量生理盐水。用药组大鼠按用药后时间不同分为6小组,分别于末次给药后1,3,6,12,24,48h后取海马组织备用,用免疫荧光技术和Western blot技术检测大鼠海马组织中LC3、Beclin1的表达,应用统计学处理,比较用药组与对照组的蛋白表达差异。结果与对照组比较,用药组大鼠海马组织中LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ值在1h表达开始增多,6h呈强表达,Beclinl的表达在6h开始增多,12,24,48h都呈强表达(P<0.05)。结论腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮能促进海马组织发生自噬,自噬增强是对氯胺酮毒性的反应。     

Cathepsin-L在缺血心肌中的表达

目的检测cathepsin-L(CTSL)在大鼠早期缺血心肌中的表达变化,并探讨其法医学意义。方法建立大鼠早期心肌缺血模型,设置早期缺血组(early ischemic myocardium,EIM)、非缺血组(non-ischemic myocardium,NIM)、假手术组以及空白对照组,采用real-time PCR方法检测大鼠缺血后15min,30min,1h和2h CTSL mRNA的表达量,并进行组内和组间比较。收集心源性猝死者缺血心肌和机械性损伤致死者正常心肌样本,采用免疫组化染色方法观察心肌组织中CTSL蛋白表达。结果 EIM组CTSL mRNA表达量与NIM组、假手术组及空白组相比,在15min时无统计学意义(P>0.05),在30min、1h和2h时分别升高1.4、3.1和4.5倍(P<0.05);其余3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察10例冠脉狭窄程度Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的心源性猝死(SCD)者缺血心肌,CTSL表达增强。结论大鼠心肌缺血后早期即可检测到CTSL mRNA的升高,并在SCD冠脉狭窄死者缺血心肌中高表达,提示CTSL可作为心肌缺血与SCD的参考指标。     

研究生教育转型发展背景下法律硕士教育改革思考

自2008年国家开始稳步推进研究生教育转型发展工作以来,我国专业学位研究生教育得到了跨越式发展。法律硕士研究生教育作为专业学位教育的重要组成部分,在国家宏观教育改革的大背景下,发展也十分迅速:逐步建立和完善了分层次、分类别培养的教育体系,培养规模增长迅速,教育试点改革工作顺利开展。但在高速发展的背后,人才培养质量却并不理想。研究生教育转型发展和专业学位发展不仅仅是培养规模的扩大,更重要的是全面提升人才培养质量,形成职业化导向的鲜明教育特色,并最终使之成为我国法律职业人才培养的主渠道。     

我国城市治理新思路——多中心治理

随着我国经济的发展,城市化进程的推进速度在不断加快,城市治理也越来越被重视。但在城市化过程中,伴随着环境污染、生态失衡、失业等问题的高发,仅仅依靠政府的努力是不能够完全解决城市治理问题的．因此,城市治理方面亟需我们充分发挥公众以及非政府组织的力量,实施多中心治理城市的新模式,以充分发挥政府、民间组织、社会公众等多元主体的作用,推动城市治理改革和创新,提升城市治理效果。     

我国商业银行利率市场化问题研究——中小商业银行“被退市”危机及应对策略

2012年我国两次不对称降息政策进一步加快了利率市场化进程,并引发了商业银行利润总额和利润结构的急剧变化。从世界金融发展历史看,存贷利差的缩小,利润水平的大幅下降可能影响商业银行财务的连续性,使其遭遇重组甚至“被退市”的危机。我国的商业银行尤其是中小商业银行如不提前防备,同样面临“被退市”风险。因此,中小商业银行必须高度重视利率因素带来的生存危机,提高应对水平,以求在利率市场化过程中得以生存与发展。     

在华外国非政府组织管理机制创新研究

改革开放以来,来华的非政府组织大量增多,对于我国的经济和社会发展都起到了积极促进作用。然而由于成立宗旨、背景以及价值取向与国内非政府组织的不同。从国家安全的角度考量,对在华外国非政府组织的管理还需区别对待。加之我国现行有关非政府组织的立法及管理机制还存在一定的滞后性,影响了在华外国非政府组织社会作用的发挥。本文认为,有必要对现行有关在华外国非政府组织的管理机制进行创新,相关制度的重构主要包括在华外国非政府组织的准入制度、公益法人认证制度等。     

网络犯罪中的电子证据若干问题研究

网络犯罪的不断涌现使电子证据的研究面临越来越多的挑战。电子证据的概念应该从广义上理解,并赋予其独立的法律地位。电子证据的收集主体、程序规则的运用以及人权保障,都是需要着重研究、探讨的问题。