多媒体对艺术教学的辅助之益

随着计算机应用的逐渐普及,多媒体已成为艺术教学的一个重要辅助手段。它在激发学生增强学习兴趣、活跃学生艺术想象力、扩大教学信息传授量、促进教师科研效率与自身素质提高等方面,都有不容忽视之作用,教师间的教学交流,亦会因之得到有效增强。     

Population genetics of the STR loci HUMCSF1PO, HUMF13A01, HUMFES/FPS and D12S391 in Asturias (northern Spain)

In order to use genetic loci in forensic identity testing, some population data are needed. This paper presents a report of allele frequency data for the loci HUMCSF1PO, HUMF13A01, HUMFES/FPS and D12S391 in a population sample from Asturias (northern Spain).No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in any of the four markers investigated and there was no evidence of association between the alleles of these loci. Statistical analysis was also carried out to obtain some parameters of medico-legal interest and comparative studies were carried out with other populations studied to date for these loci. The Asturian sample does not differ substantially from other Caucasian and Spanish populations.     

Validation of an ion-trap gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of cocaine and metabolites and cocaethylene in post mortem whole blood

The coingestion of cocaine (COC) and ethanol is a very frequent occurrence and is known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. The formation occurs of a transesterification product, the cocaethylene (CE), which is even more toxic than cocaine. In order to study the role of ethanol as an agent of interaction in lethal cocaine intoxication, and to establish its influence in post mortem cocaine concentrations, an ion-trap gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method (GC-MS) was validated to quantify simultaneously the agent and its biotransformation products, benzoylecgonine (BE), ecgoninemethylester (EME) and the 'biomarker' of the interaction, the CE present in whole blood. Deuterated internal standards were added to 2 ml of post mortem whole blood and extracted in Bond Elut Certify columns. The residues were evaporated and derivatized with N-methyl-N-t-butyldimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Detection was performed by electron impact ionization. The monitored ions were m/z 82/85 for EME-tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS)/EME-d3-TBDMS; m/z 182/185 for COC/COC-d3; m/z 196/199 for CE/CE-d3 and m/z 282/285 for BE-TBDMS/BE-d3-TBDMS. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 25 ng and 50 ng ml(-1), respectively, for COC and CE, and 50 and 100 ng ml(-1) for BE and EME. Accuracy was different for each of the compounds, varying from 65 to 98%. The dynamic range of the assay was 50-2000 ng ml(-1).     

Ketamine in non-hospital and hospital deaths in New York City

We reviewed all ketamine-positive deaths (87) examined at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner over a two-year period (1997 to 1999). There were 15 non-hospital deaths with 12 due to acute multidrug intoxications, one due to sarcoidosis, and two due to physical injury (blunt and thermal). In no instance was a fatal intoxication caused exclusively by ketamine. Opiates (10/15), followed by amphetamines (7/15) and cocaine (6/15), were the most frequent co-intoxicants. Ethanol was found in only one death. The race of all decedents was white and the majority were men (11/15) between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The remaining 72 instances of positive ketamine findings were hospital deaths following surgical procedures or burns.     

科技成果转化与科技成果信息资源的开发利用

科技成果信息资源开发利用的基本途径有：（１）采用“出版物──数据库”一体化模式开发和利用科技成果信息资源;（２）面向企业信息主管与信息经纪人的开发利用模式;（３）促进官、产、学、研结合,完善技术创新机制;（４）建立风险投资与交叉融资机制,带动科技成果信息资源开发利用;（５）科技创新信息与产业化经营信息一体化,创造企业对创新活动的有效信息需求;（６）建立“科技成果转化咨询中心”。     

Mind your manners: quality of manner of death certification among medical examiners and coroners in Taiwan

To assess the quality of manner of death (MOD) certification among medical examiners/coroners (ME/Cs) in Taiwan, death certificates issued in 2002 for which the final MOD was suicide or undetermined were extracted for analysis. Indicators of the quality of MOD certification included (1) MOD not given by the ME/Cs; (2) MOD assigned by the ME/Cs was changed by the coder; (3) ratio between undetermined and suicide deaths (U/S ratio). There were 450 death certificates for which the ME/Cs did not assign the MOD in the original certificate. Three fifths (285/450) of them were issued by 4 ME/Cs. The same 4 ME/Cs also had extremely high U/S ratios (1.25-1.84) compared with the average (0.31). The overall quality of MOD certification among ME/Cs in Taiwan was fair; only a small number of ME/Cs had poor quality in MOD certification. The high U/S ratio among the 4 ME/Cs would certainly affect the suicide mortality rates of the counties the 4 ME/Cs were in charge of. Actions should be taken to improve the certification quality of these 4 ME/Cs.     

人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨哈氏系统图像分析的比较

目的探讨人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨的哈氏系统的形态特点、图像分析特点及其鉴别要点。方法制作人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨中段横切磨片35张,光镜下观察比较哈氏系统,并在研究型显微镜下进行图像分析。结果人骨无丛状骨和骨单位带;人与狗、猪、牛、羊骨的哈氏系统在形状、大小、分布位置、均匀程度等方面存在明显差异;人骨哈佛骨板层数最多,哈氏系统直径最大;中央管直径和面积百分比的图像分析结果显示人与动物骨的差异均有显著意义。结论(1)丛状骨、骨单位带在种属鉴定中可作为人骨的排除指标;(2)人骨与狗、猪、牛、羊骨在哈氏系统结构方面有明显区别;(3)利用图像分析进行种属鉴定,中央管面积百分比是区别人骨与动物骨的重要参考指标。     

PowerPlex^TM16体系OL等位基因序列分析及命名探讨

目的观察中国汉族人群PowerPlexTM16体系STR基因座分型标准物外等位基因(OL等位基因)的序列组成,探讨其类型及命名。方法应用PowerPlexTM16体系和ABI377或3100遗传分析仪,对10071名中国汉族无关个体的血样DNA进行15个STR基因座的分型,筛选出OL等位基因样本;对该样本进行单基因座扩增、聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳、银染显色,获取等位基因条带并再次扩增和测序。结果在11个基因座检见OL等位基因,共32个,频率0.05‰￣4.02‰,各基因座OL等位基因数目1￣9个不等。按其组成分为四类:(1)重复单位完整重复,但重复次数在ladder范围外;(2)不完整重复;(3)侧翼序列个别碱基的插入或缺失;(4)较大片断的缺失。结论OL等位基因类型不一,既有重复次数的变化,也有侧翼序列或核心序列的变化,现有命名原则尚不能反映其组成类型。