Quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy

A simple and sensitive method is described for quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine in blood, serum, urine and tissue homogenate. The chlorpromazine cation radical produced by adding perchloric acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone to the sample can be detected by the ESR method at room temperature. The sensitivity limit is 10 ng, that is, 20 μl of the solution containing 0.5 μg chlorpromazine/ml. The time needed for the measurement is within 10 min. The chlorpromazine radical thus produced is very stable; for example, 95% of the radical was observed after 24 h. The advantage of this method is discussed by comparing with the ordinary spectrophotometry which requires the purification of the sample.     

实验室条件下长角血蜱甘肃株孤雌生殖种群的生物学特性

在实验室条件下,对我国北方长角血蜱甘肃株孤雌生殖种群的生活史进行了首次观察。研究发现,行孤雌生殖的长角血蜱为三宿主蜱;在兔体完成1个世代共需106~154 d,饥饿期的幼蜱、若蜱与两性生殖的饥饿幼蜱、若蜱体重的差异不显著(P>0.05),而饱血体重与两性生殖的长角血蜱种群饱血体重差异极显著(P<0.01);雌蜱饱血体重可达吸血前的108.46±19.72倍,与两性生殖的种群饱血体重差异亦极显著(P<0.01)。雌蜱产卵量与饱食体重之间呈极显著正相关r=0.897 0(P<0.01);生殖效率指数REI=6.76,生殖适合度指数RFI=6.29;蜱发育时间在不同季节无明显变化。     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法快速检测尿液中氯胺酮

目的建立快速检测吸毒人员尿液中氯胺酮的顶空固相微萃取(HS/SPME)-GC/NPD的方法。方法样品瓶中加入尿液、氢氧化钠溶液、氯化钠,在95℃下加热搅拌,用聚二甲基硅氧烷SPME萃取头(100μm)顶空萃取20min,气相色谱氮磷检测器检测,外标法定量。结果尿液中氯胺酮浓度在0.2~20.0μg/ml范围内呈现线性关系(r2=0.9965),尿液添加1.0μg氯胺酮,平均回收率102.6%,RSD=3.39%(n=7),检测限1.13ng/ml(S/N=3)。结论建立的方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,十分适合尿液等生物检材中氯胺酮的快速定性定量分析。     

Constructing Population Control: Social and Material Factors in Norm Emergence and Diffusion

To demonstrate that norms have independent causal power, constructivists de-emphasise material factors related to state interests and highlight social factors. Similarly, they conceptualise international organisations as autonomous from state influence, and focus on cases featuring non-state actors that stimulate a “tipping point” of norm diffusion among states in advance of state sponsorship. By contrast, this article utilises an historical materialist approach that admits both social and material data to examine the contrasting case of population control. It finds that US corporate foundations, eugenist demographers, feminist birth control activists and related NGOs conceptualised and promoted population control in the United States, at the United Nations, and across developing countries. However, the tipping point of norm diffusion occurred only after the United States publicly advocated population control. Indeed, material and social factors were inextricably bound together.     

Radiographic demonstration of esophageal and tracheal fistulas at autopsy using a contrasting medium that vulcanizes at room temperature

Esophageal and tracheal fistulas, which occur in 0.05% of medicolegal autopsies, were demonstrated in three cases by a postmortem radiographic technique using silicone rubber/lead oxide as a contrasting medium that vulcanizes at room temperature. In one 83-year-old male, a tracheoesophageal fistula was detected, which had developed after surgical repair of an esophageal rupture caused by a flexible fiberoptic endoscope. In a second case, carcinoma of the esophagus in a 78-year-old male had eroded the trachea and arcus of the aorta creating a fatal tracheoesophagoaortic fistula. In a third case, 55-year-old female developed a tracheobrachicephalic artery fistula as a result of an infiltrating cystic adenocarcinoma of the trachea, resulting in a fatal hemorrhage into the trachea. The results of this study indicate that diagnostic radiologic methods using a vulcanized contrasting medium are useful in supplementing normal dissection in autopsy cases with suspected fistulas of the esophagus or trachea.     

"First pass phenomenon" of inhaled gas in the fire victims

We investigated the differences in the levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), cyanide (HCN) and petroleum fuels (gasoline and kerosene) between left and right ventricular bloods from fire victims. COHb was slightly, and HCN and petroleum fuels were markedly higher levels in the left than those in the right. These effects were so called 'first pass phenomena' due to the circulation, diffusion and metabolization before the deaths of fire victims.     

Men and women's attributions of blame for domestic violence

Attributions of blame for the first and latest episodes of violence were assessed in a sample of 139 couples who were referred to a mandatory domestic violence treatment program in the military. Use of a methodology which allows for reports of nonmutually exclusive categories of attribution from both members of the dyad revealed more complex patterns of attributions than reflected in the existing literature. In addition, there were low rates of agreement within couples as to who was to blame for the violence. Although both men and women exhibited a high frequency of blaming their partner for both episodes of violence, men were significantly more likely to blame themselves for the latest than for the first episode. Attributions of blame were related to contextual variables in both men and women. Sex specific relationships emerged. These results were discussed with specific reference to predictions derived from attribution theory and their clinical implications.     

Capillary gas-liquid chromatography separation of phenethylamines in amphetamine-positive urine samples

Good gas chromatography (GC) separation of molecules is essential for clean gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation of compounds. The trifluoro derivatives of ephedrine (E) and methamphetamine (MA) coelute on dimethyl silicone capillary columns, such as DB-1, which are most commonly used by chromatographers. Methods are described to separate E and MA to aid GC/MS confirmations of methamphetamine, ephedrine, or both E and MA together, whichever may be present in Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)-analyzed amphetamine-positive urine samples. The use of the heptafluoro derivatives of E and MA on a DB-1 column, or the trifluoro derivatives of E and MA on a DB-17 column, is suggested for good gas chromatographic separation.     

论加入WTO对我国社会治安的冲击与治理对策

加入WTO对我国社会治安的背景性冲击体现在:结构性的失业增多成为社会不稳定因素的“增长点”;西方文化的涌入,敌对势力的渗透,则导致社会控制能力的弱化;违法犯罪的流动性更强,渗外案件增加。对此,我们应当学习并掌握WTO规则,狠抓再就业工程,强化群体性事件控制,全面强化流动人口管理,注重情报信息系统建设,提高防控、打击经济犯罪的能力。     

欧文主义:求实的空想——兼论民族性与社会主义运动

文章分析了社会主义思想史上的一页,通过揭示欧文主义的实践性、渐进性等特征,从发生学的角度探讨了英国社会主义运动的发展模式,及其与英国人注重于经验理性的民族特性的关系.进而揭示了世界社会主义运动的实践与各国民族性相关这一普遍规律,并对目前我们社会主义实践中的相关问题提出了一般性的建议.