MALTREATED CHILDREN'S ABILITY TO ESTIMATE TEMPORAL LOCATION AND NUMEROSITY OF PLACEMENT CHANGES AND COURT VISITS

Research examining children's temporal knowledge has tended to utilize brief temporal intervals and singular, neutral events, and is not readily generalizable to legal settings in which maltreated children are asked temporal questions about salient, repeated abuse that often occurred in the distant past. To understand how well maltreated children can describe temporal location and numerosity of documented, personal experiences, we assessed 167 6- to 10-year-old maltreated children's temporal memory for changes in their living arrangements and prior visits to court. Small percentages of children were capable of providing exact temporal location information (age, month, or season) regarding their first or last placement or court experience, or numerosities for placements or court visits. Greater knowledge of current temporal locations did not predict better performance. However, older children's performance for several temporal judgments was better than chance, and their reports were not largely discrepant from the truth. Findings suggest caution when questioning maltreated children about when and how many times prior events occurred.     

The Prince and the Duchess: The Honours of the Royal Family: An Unconsidered Area of the Royal Prerogative

This article traces the development of the use of the standard royal titles (prince/princess, Royal Highness) among members of British royal families other than Sovereigns from the medieval period to the present day. Usage is shown to have developed by evolution, and not to have been the subject of formal regulation, except in individual cases, until as late as 1917. Exceptions to the normal principles are considered in detail.Ann Lyon is Lecturer in Law at the University of Wales Swansea.