我国刑事误判问题透视——以20起震惊全国的刑事冤案为样本的分析

近年,我国媒体披露了一系列震惊全国的刑事冤案,这些冤案在罪刑分布、被告人的社会构成、律师辩护、侦破方式、空间分布以及得以纠正的原因方面都呈现出惊人的规律性。导致冤案出现的原因非常复杂,刑讯逼供、违法取证、忽视科技手段的运用、对无罪证据视而不见、轻视律师辩护、有罪推定是导致冤案出现的最主要原因。冤案所反映的片面追求破案率、检察机关和法院办案时难以保持独立、对案件的处理过分迁就社会舆论和被害人压力、公检法三机关过分重视相互配合而轻视相互制约、司法经费不足、对错案责任的规定过于严格等问题值得深刻反思和检讨。     

政府农业投入与农民发展权的法律保护

农业是国民经济的基础产业,同时又是弱质产业。我国政府长期以来采取向工业倾斜的政策,对农业投入严重不足,不仅如此,还从农业中抽取大量剩余用以发展工业,从而忽视了农民的发展权。农民作为弱势群体,只有形式上的正义是不能解决农民发展权问题的,必须从实质正义的角度来加以调整。此外,我国加入世贸组织后,在面对国外发达农业的激烈竞争时,更需要政府用法律手段保证加大对农业的投入,保护农民的权益。     

大学生就业价值观与不健康就业心理分析

正确的就业价值观与健康的就业心理,是成功就业的必要条件。就业价值观的偏差,会带来情感上的分离和行为的偏离,影响就业的心理健康,并导致就业不成功。本文从大学生所处的改革环境出发,重点就不成功就业的大学生的就业价值观与不健康就业心理问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的四种主要方法。     

Ethnicity, gender, and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised

Offender assessment and classification is becoming an increasingly important part of correctional supervision and intervention. Over the last several decades, several different methods and “generations” of offender classification have emerged. Of most value appear to be third-generation, actuarial, dynamic risk/need assessments. With any new correctional strategy, however, there is a need to investigate the use of these risk/need assessments on offender subgroups in order to inform issues, such as reliability and prevalence of criminogenic risk factors. The present study utilized data that were gathered using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R). Results and comparisons of these assessments were investigated and presented for Native American and non-Native American offenders as well as male and female offenders. Discussion of the results, implications, and recommendations for further research are presented.     

未来世界石油价格波动趋势分析

世界石油价格波动存在着长周期和短周期。世界石油价格主要由石油供需状况决定,但也受政治和投机等因素影响。短周期受突发事件影响过大,难以预测;长周期大体可分为平稳期-上升期-高台期-下降期-新的平稳期几个阶段。现阶段世界石油价格已基本完成上升期,将进入高台期,如果没有新的影响供给的事件发生,高台期不可能持续太长时间。     

当前大学生价值观的特征分析与教育建议

为真实把握当前大学生价值观的现状,提高思想政治教育工作的实效性,2005年上半年,我们通过问卷方式对江苏5所高校的大学生进行了抽样调查。本次调查共发放调查问卷800份,回收有效问卷714份,调查对象主要是在校本科四个年级的学生。一、当前大学生价值观的基本现状通过对回收问卷的分析,大学生价值观的基本现状可概括为如下几个方面:1.价值目标由理想主义趋向现实主义从调查看,当代大学生对价值观重要性的认识是基本一致的。有84.7%的大学生认为理想信念是一个人成才的精神支柱和动力,大学生要成才必须树立崇高的理想和科学的信念。在如何处…     

Isolation of the DNA minisatellite probe MZ 1.3 and its application to DNA 'fingerprinting' analysis

A minisatellite probe, MZ 1.3, detecting hypervariable fragment patterns was isolated from a human genomic library. A repetitive sequence of 27 bp length was identified which is contained in the probe approx. 40 times. The MZ 1.3 repeat shows variable homology of 53-73% to the repetitive sequence of the protein III gene of the bacteriophage M13 genome. Polymorphic restriction fragment patterns were found with MZ 1.3 using the enzymes Hinf I, BstN I, Hae III, Mbo I, PstI/Pvu II, and Rsa I. An average of 18 polymorphic fragments was observed using Hinf I as enzyme. The band sharing frequency after Hinf I digestion among unrelated individuals was determined to be 23.8 +/- 7.2%. An example for the application of MZ 1.3 to paternity testing in an incest case is given. The probe can be used with radioactive or non-radioactive detection systems. An approach is presented to compare polymorphic fragment patterns from individuals obtained by independent gel runs on the basis of relative band positions (RBP) and calculated in a computerized analysis.     

Capillary gas-liquid chromatography separation of phenethylamines in amphetamine-positive urine samples

Good gas chromatography (GC) separation of molecules is essential for clean gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation of compounds. The trifluoro derivatives of ephedrine (E) and methamphetamine (MA) coelute on dimethyl silicone capillary columns, such as DB-1, which are most commonly used by chromatographers. Methods are described to separate E and MA to aid GC/MS confirmations of methamphetamine, ephedrine, or both E and MA together, whichever may be present in Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)-analyzed amphetamine-positive urine samples. The use of the heptafluoro derivatives of E and MA on a DB-1 column, or the trifluoro derivatives of E and MA on a DB-17 column, is suggested for good gas chromatographic separation.     

Determination of deslanoside in antemortem and postmortem specimens. Unusual case report

One case of the erroneous administration of deslanoside and high level of drug in antemortem plasma and postmortem specimens has been reported owing to the unusual surrounding circumstances. Deslanoside in antemortem plasma was determined by FPIA and the analysis was done by HPLC in the postmortem tissue samples. The analytical results and methods used in the examinations are discussed in the following paper.