首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   20315篇
  免费   1318篇
各国政治   819篇
工人农民   921篇
世界政治   1341篇
外交国际关系   640篇
法律   14189篇
中国共产党   2篇
中国政治   136篇
政治理论   3483篇
综合类   102篇
  2021年   108篇
  2020年   465篇
  2019年   488篇
  2018年   621篇
  2017年   652篇
  2016年   719篇
  2015年   554篇
  2014年   587篇
  2013年   2030篇
  2012年   547篇
  2011年   591篇
  2010年   594篇
  2009年   628篇
  2008年   584篇
  2007年   563篇
  2006年   592篇
  2005年   492篇
  2004年   506篇
  2003年   426篇
  2002年   473篇
  2001年   805篇
  2000年   689篇
  1999年   555篇
  1998年   269篇
  1997年   214篇
  1996年   221篇
  1995年   233篇
  1994年   209篇
  1993年   229篇
  1992年   372篇
  1991年   371篇
  1990年   357篇
  1989年   327篇
  1988年   370篇
  1987年   326篇
  1986年   406篇
  1985年   408篇
  1984年   315篇
  1983年   290篇
  1982年   200篇
  1981年   179篇
  1980年   161篇
  1979年   245篇
  1978年   146篇
  1977年   113篇
  1975年   122篇
  1974年   162篇
  1973年   102篇
  1972年   103篇
  1971年   93篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
901.
In this paper, we consider several features of teacher‐retention policies based on value‐added measures of effectiveness under a variety of empirically grounded rules and parameters. We consider the effects of policy design by varying the standard above which satisfactory teachers are expected to perform. We simulate recently adopted policies that remove teachers based on consecutive unsatisfactory performance and compare these to policies that remove teachers based on poor performance on average over a multiyear period. We also consider the precision of the performance measure and the underlying variation in teacher quality on policy effects. Finally, the simulation makes a step forward by incorporating recent empirical findings of a relationship between teacher quality and natural attrition from the profession. Our results indicate that deselection policies based on value‐added measures have the potential to improve teacher quality, although understanding the role of policy design, self‐selected exits, and the underlying variation in teacher quality is essential for determining policy effects.  相似文献   
902.
Political competition lies at the core of representative democracy. Yet, uncompetitive elections and uncontested races are widespread in the United States, particularly at the state level. In this article, we analyze the consequences of uncontested elections on lawmaking activity. Our primary hypothesis is that legislators who run unopposed are less active lawmakers than those who were selected through competitive elections. Studying roll‐call vote participation and bill introduction and enactment for most of the U.S. states for 1999–2000, we find that state legislators elected in unopposed elections perform more poorly compared to their colleagues elected in competitive contests.  相似文献   
903.
<正>My first visit to China was in 1986.After that I have been to this charming country several times and during these visits heard  相似文献   
904.
905.
906.
907.

On February 20 M. V. dc Korostovetz read a paper on Soviet Russia and her Southern Neighbours. The subject was divided into four parts: (a) The general trend of Russia's foreign policy, which, whether Imperial or Bolshevik, has differed in method rather than aim; (b) the States from Turkey to China, lying to the south of the Soviet block, with special attention to Chinese Turkestan; (c) the Ukrainian attitude to Communism; and (d) an outline of the new canals planned to make the Volga the chief waterway of Russia at the expense of the Don, and, with the refortification of the Straits, to turn the Black Sea into a mare clausum.  相似文献   
908.

States respond to failure in different ways. In light of the phenomenon of revisionist states, it is particularly important to understand why some revisionist states revert to status quo pursuits in the face of policy failure, while others pursue revisionism even in the face of external developments that we might expect would push them toward moderation. Domestic structure, domestic politics, and elite ideology each contribute to an explanation of how revisionist states respond to policy failure, but none of these variables alone tells the full story. As is illustrated through case studies of Iranian, Israeli, and Iraqi foreign policy in the 1980s, domestic structure plays the launching role in the analysis of how a revisionist state will behave. Regime type structures the incentives facing leaders and determines whether domestic politics or elite ideology is determinative in predicting a revisionist state's reactions to failure.  相似文献   
909.
This article examines Kirchheimer's catch‐all party thesis systematically, using the example of the Austrian Socialist Party (SPÖ). First, five central elements of the Kirchheimer catch‐all party are identified and possibilities for empirical research are explored. Then the empirical evidence on these five dimensions is analysed. As Kirchheimer has expected, the SPÖ's ‘ideological baggage’ has been drastically reduced, its top leadership groups and its electoral leader in particular have been further strengthened, the working‐class clientele has been de‐emphasised, and the party's function in the political system has been substantially reduced. Concerning the SPÖ's link to interest groups, however, Kirchheimer's thesis is only valid when looking at the most recent period. In view of the cumulative effect of the changes in the direction of a catch‐all party the SPÖ of the 1990s can definitely be classified as a catch‐all party.  相似文献   
910.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号