基因资源的主权属性及其理论建构——以“主权让渡论”为背景

经济全球化下国家主权理论出现了“主权让渡论”等新思潮,让渡主权并不意味着对主权的削弱或否定,而是在国家同意基础上主权行使方式的变化,是实现国家利益最大化的手段。跨国基因资源的开发合作中,应充分尊重发展中国家的基因主权,坚持平等主权观,实现人类共同利益。     

从四川科技立法实践看构建区域创新体系的法制需求

具有地域特色的区域创新体系是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。本文简要论述了构建完善的区域科技法律制度对建设区域创新体系的重要性,介绍了四川科技立法的现状、成效与不足,对进一步完善四川科技法规体系提出了建议。     

春秋时节对SD大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨春秋季节对SD大鼠免疫功能影响的内在机制,为呼吸系统的病理生理机制提供实验依据。方法:采用松果腺摘除大鼠模型,测定春秋二分大鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数、肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果:①生理组和伪手术组脾脏指数和胸腺指数,秋分明显低于春分,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);手术组春分和秋分时差异不显著。②生理组肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能秋分明显低于春分,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);伪手术组与手术组春分和秋分比较,差异均无显著性。结论:①SD大鼠脾脏、胸腺、肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能存在秋低春高的季节节律。②SD大鼠松果腺褪黑素是免疫功能季节性节律变化的中介物质基础。     

大肠埃希氏菌表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的纯化

采用 pPROEX HTB融合蛋白表达系统 ,将猪瘟病毒E2 基因与 6×His的编码序列在大肠埃希氏菌BL2 1(DE3)中进行融合表达 ,表达蛋白质主要以包涵体形式存在。用 8mol/L尿素溶解包涵体后 ,利用镍离子金属螯合亲和层析法纯化蛋白。结果 ,在SDS PAGE上显示出一 17ku的目的蛋白条带 ,纯度达到 90 %以上。纯化后的蛋白变性、复性处理后能与猪瘟阳性血清发生特异性结合     

论被刑事羁押者的会见交流权

被刑事羁押者的会见交流权具有人身自由权与诉讼权的双重性,必须由刑事法律加以确认和保障。会见交流权包括与律师之间的会见交流和与家属、其他人员之间的会见交流。作为刑事司法国际准则的调整重点,被羁押的少年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的会见交流权也应得到国内法的关注。对会见交流权的合理的限制是必要的,但必须遵守一定的条件并以例外为原则。我国刑事司法中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见权的确认与保障只能在刑事诉讼理念和刑事司法制度的整体重构中得到个别化的实现。     

信息化时代产业结构的演进规律研究

信息化时代,由于各个国家面临不同的外在约束条件,其产业结构升级呈现出不同的演进规律：一是产业结构升级的一般性或渐进式升级,二是产业结构升级的特殊性或跨越式升级。创新成为信息化时代产业结构演进升级的内在实现机制。     

An interlaboratory study to evaluate the utility of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy spectral libraries in the forensic analysis of fentanyl-related substances

Synthetic opioids such as fentanyl account for over 71,000 of the approximately 107,000 overdose deaths reported in the United States in 2021. Fentanyl remains the fourth most identified drug by state and local forensic laboratories, and the second most identified drug by federal laboratories. The unambiguous identification of fentanyl-related substances (FRS) is challenging due to the absence or low abundance of a molecular ion in a typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and due to a low number of fragment ions that are similar among the many potential isomers of FRS. This study describes the utility of a previously reported gas chromatography-infrared (GC-IR) library for the identification of FRS within a blind, interlaboratory study (ILS) involving seven forensic laboratories. Twenty FRS reference materials, including those with isomer pairs in the library, were selected based on either their presence in the NIST library and/or some similarity of the mass spectra information produced. The ILS participants were requested to use the Florida International University (FIU) GC-MS and GC-IR libraries supplied by FIU to search for matches to their unknown spectra generated from in-house GC-MS and GC-IR analysis. The laboratories reported improvement in the positive identification of unknown FRS from ~75% using GC-MS alone to 100% correct identification using GC-IR analysis. One laboratory participant used solid phase IR analysis, which produced spectra incompatible with the vapor phase GC-IR library to generate a good comparison spectrum. However, this improved when searched against a solid phase IR library.     

Effects of obesity on talar micro- and macro-morphology

The addition of information regarding obesity status to the forensic anthropological biological profile could significantly contribute to the identification of human skeletal remains since over 40% of the U.S. adult population is currently obese. This study examines the differences in talar shape and trabecular bone structure between obese and non-obese individuals. A sample of 20 obese and 20 non-obese divided evenly by sex was selected from the Texas State University Donated Skeletal Collection. Tali were imaged using x-ray computed tomography (voxel size: 28–38.7 μm). Image stacks were processed to produce binary images as well as trabecular thickness and spacing maps. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses were conducted to quantify shape variation. Shape coordinates were used to locate 100 geometrically homologous volumes of interest within each talus. Bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular spacing were extracted at each volume of interest. Within each sex, a one-way ANCOVA was used to determine if significant differences exist between obese and non-obese individuals in trabecular bone after controlling for age. The size of the talus as well as subtle aspects of shape were found to distinguish the sexes. The results further indicate that bone volume fraction significantly differs between obese and non-obese males. In females, bone volume fraction is correlated with age but does not differ between obese and non-obese. The study demonstrates that bone microstructure is a promising approach to estimating body mass or body mass index category but age effects diminish the potential for the talus to be used alone.     

论商业贿赂犯罪的认定及其刑法完善——以《联合国反腐败公约》为借鉴

商业贿赂犯罪侵犯了公平竞争的商品经济秩序,对我国经济社会的发展危害十分严重,科学认定商业贿赂犯罪具有非常现实的意义。《联合国反腐败公约》为世界范围内的反腐败提供了基本的科学理念和策略及基本的法律指南和行动准则。我国刑法关于商业贿赂犯犯罪的规定存在与《联合国反腐败公约》不相一致的问题,以《联合国反腐败公约》为借鉴,将"贿赂"范围扩大到非财产性利益,增设"外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员受贿罪、对外国外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员行贿罪",废除商业贿赂犯罪死刑的规定等是我国刑法应予完善的重要内容。     

中国共产党延安时期基层党建的历史经验

延安时期基层党建,注重长远目标与阶段性目标相统一,既服务于党的最高纲领和基本纲领,又主动适应环境的新变化,服从抗战大局;注重基层党组织功能的共性与个性相统一,既强化团结群众、凝聚群众的核心功能,又重视社会动员功能;注重结构形态与自身功能相统一,在壮大党员数量的同时,通过提高党员的质量来增强基层党组织的力量;注重基层党组织与基层社会组织的互动统一,善于运用非权力活动方式,通过社会组织整合社会。